热带

Soils dominated by 2:1 clays(montmorillonite, vermiculite, illite), more frequently found in temperate zones, but also present in tropical and subtropical areas; behave different from the typical tropical red soils (Ultisols and Oxisols dominated by Fe and Al oxides and kaolinite) and from the soils developed from volcanic ash (Andisols dominated by allophane, imogolite, and humus-Al complexes) that are widely spread over the world.

我们常在温带地区发现的2：1型粘土矿物为主的土壤，也出现在热带和亚热带地区。这些土壤不同于世界范围内广泛分布的典型的热带红壤(以铁铝氧化物和高岭石为优势粘土矿物的老成土和氧化土)，也不同于由火山灰（以水铝萤石、伊利缟石和腐殖质-Al复合体为优势粘土矿物的火山灰土）发育的土壤。

Composition of both spermatophyte and pteridophyte flora of a relict Alsophila spinulosa community in Wutongqiao Nature Reserve of Leshan region was discussed. It shows the proportion of Tropic and Cathaysia elements in both spermatophyte flora and pteridophyte flora was almost 2/3 of the total at the genus level, and even more at the family level. There was a distinct ancient endemism phenomenon in spermatophyte flora, owning to being 8 relict and remnant endemism genera in the total of 9. Furthermore, the proportion of Tropic and Cathaysia elements both at family and genus level in the pteridophyte flora were much greater.

选以乐山五通桥桫椤自然保护区-桫椤群落的种子植物区系与蕨类植物区系组成为研究对象，发现种子植物区系在属的水平上热带成分与古华夏成分占到近2/3，在科的水平上则更高；种子植物区系中有9个中国特有属，其中8个为残遗或原始类型的古特有属，表现出典型的古特有现象；而在蕨类植物区系中热带成分和华夏成分所占比重更大。

1Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan 71737; 2Nanjing Agricultural University College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095; 3College of Agronomy, SCUTA, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737

1中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所，海南儋州 571737；2南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，江苏南京 210095；3华南热带农业大学农学院，海南儋州 571737

1Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS, Danzhou Hainan 571737; 2College of Agronomy, SCUTA, Danzhou Hainan 571737; 3Nanjing Agrictdtural University, Nanjing 210095

1中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所，海南儋州 571737；2华南热带农业大学农学院，海南儋州 571737； 3南京农业大学资源环境科学学院，南京 210095

Shenzhenshi Goway Electric Company mainly produces Silastic Electric Heater,Silica gel Ribbon Heater, Kapton Electrothermal Film, PET Electrothermal Film, Pipeline Heater Band ,Vessel Heater ,Cabinet Heater Plate, Silica gel Hot Wire, Heat Tape.

深圳市国威威电器有限公司主要生产柔性电热器，硅橡胶电热片，电伴热带，防水硅胶发热片，聚酰亚氨（PI电热膜，PET电热膜，管道电伴热带，容器加热器，桶用电加热毯，柜体加热板，硅胶发热线，电加热带。

The averaged onset time is the 28th pentad (72 pentads/year) for the EAM and the 32nd pentads for the INM coincided with the results obtained from the 15-year mean wind and geopotential fields. During the 15-year period, the early onset years are 1984,1994 and 1996 and the late onset years are 1982,1985,1987,1991 and 1993 in the EAM region.

结果表明，IWH是一个能够反映亚洲热带夏季风环流主要特征、适合用于确定季风建立迟早的指数；在1982～1996年期间，在东亚季风区，热带季风建立较早（比平均情况早2候或以上）的年份有1984、1994和1996年，建立较迟的年份有1982、1985、1987、1991和1993年；东亚热带季风建立时间的年际变化（标准差为2.3候）比印度季风大，反映东亚季风区环流变化较印度季风区更为复杂。

Focusing on all these functional traits, 13 functional groups were identified by TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis), and their change with different environmental factors, disturbance types and recovery time was ordinated by DCCA(detrended canonical correspondence analysis).

本文以海南岛霸王岭林区作为海南岛热带林的典型区域，以反映不同环境因子、干扰类型和恢复时间的热带山地雨林为研究对象，在大面积(15hm~2)样地调查的基础上，依据物种的7个功能特性(喜光性、潜在高度、板根大小、木材密度、种子生物量、传播方式和落叶／常绿性)，分别把物种划分为不同类别的功能群，应用NMS分析了各功能群随不同干扰类型和恢复时间热带山地雨林群落的变化规律。

Meanwhile, tree species in the upper canopy layer were more stable than that in the lower layers of the fragmented forest.

与连续森林比较，片断热带雨林的植物物种丰富度和物种多样性指数都比较低，而且有相当低比例的大高位芽、中高位芽和附生等生活型植物，而藤本、小高位芽和矮高位芽等生活型植物的比例则较高；泛热带、热带亚洲至热带非洲的区系成分比例较高，而当地成分则减少；群落的上层树木比下层树木更加稳定。

Main meteorological factors for disaster caused by landfalling tropical cyclones in China are analyzed based on samples formed during 1980-2004. It is shown that the degree of disaster has strong relation with precipitation, gale, and landfalling intensity and position point of typhoon, et al.

利用1980-2004年的台风基本资料，对我国台风（包括热带气旋、热带风暴、强热带风暴、台风、强台风和超强台风）灾害的成因进行了初步分析，结果表明：台风引起的大风和降水以及登陆台风的强度和登陆点位置等都是我国台风致灾的重要因素。

By analyzing next-spring abnormal features of 500 hPa height and 850 hPa, 200 hPa meridional wind due to Nino3 SST rising, it is found that Nino3 SST rising abnormally in the second half year leads to 500 hPa height field rising in the tropic and Northwest Pacific subtropical region, namely the Northwest Pacific subtropical high is stronger and shifts westwards and northwards compared with the mean, and the trough over East Asia is weaker with its location shifts eastwards; the height field falls from the area around Balkhash to Baikal Lake, i.

通过分析下半年Nino3区(150o~90oW，5oS～5oN)海表温度升高引起的次年春季500 hPa高度、850 hPa及200 hPa经向风的异常特征，发现下半年Nino3区显著升温，可导致次年春季热带和西北太平洋副热带地区的500 hPa高度场升高，即西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西、偏北，东亚大槽偏弱、偏东；巴尔喀什湖至贝加尔湖的高度场降低，即该地区经常有低槽维持；亚洲至西太平洋地区盛行纬向环流。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。