烟草

After from 1992 cigarette price is unlocked in the round, nicotian industry runs side of market of mechanism, development cigarette in changeover, gained the experience of a few successes, for example Jiangsu is nicotian " couplet produces couplet to sell " mode, shandong province establishs area group pattern for mainstay business with cigarette plant, mode of Shanghai nicotian group, obtained better economic benefits.

从1992年卷烟价格全面放开之后，烟草行业在转换经营机制、开拓卷烟市场方面，取得了一些成功的经验，例如江苏烟草"联产联销"模式，山东省以卷烟厂为骨干企业组建区域集团模式，上海烟草集团模式等，都取得了较好的经济效益。

They think that the tax increases can bring on the cigarette price's increases, thus the cigarette consuming amount can be reduced. But the tax increase's result lead to the rampancy of counterfeit and illegal cigarette product, it also brings a series of negative influences to the society.

他们认为，因税收增加而增长的烟草价格可以减少烟草制品的整体消费量，但增税的结果却导致了假冒卷烟及非法烟草制品走私活动的加剧，从而给社会带来了一系列的负面影响。

In this paper,the behavioral,physiological, ecological adaption mechanism of H.armigera and H.assulta to their common host plant tobacco were studied comparatively,and the main results were summarized as follows:Electroantennogram response of adult to tobacco volatiles:(1) H.armigera and H.assulta elicited similar EAG responses to the tested 20 tobacco volatiles;both of them elicited significantly more sensitive to green leaf volatiles,aliphatic and aromatic compounds, than to monoterpene,sesquiterpene,heterocyclic compounds under lower concentration; while the similar EAG responses under higher concentration were detected,but most of them were not significantly different with each other.

本文从行为、生理和生态适应三个方面，对棉铃虫和烟夜蛾与烟草间的互作进行了比较研究，主要结果如下：成虫对烟草挥发物的EAG反应：(1)两种夜蛾对测试的20种烟草挥发物均可产生EAG反应；低浓度下对绿叶气味、脂肪族、芳香族化合物的EAG反应显著高于单萜类、倍半萜类和杂环化合物；高浓度下的EAG反应也表现出相似的总体反应趋势，但多数反应值间的差异未达显著水平。

And giving credence to the theory that vices are recession-proof, shares of /UST, the maker of smokeless tobacco products like Copenhagen and Skoal as well as wine are up more than 26% this year, putting it squarely in the second slot.

根据恶习不受经济衰退影响的理论，美国烟草的股份，无烟烟草Copenhagen和Skoal以及酒水的制造商US Tobacco美国烟草上涨了26%，处于第二位。

India shipped Rs 748.95 crore worth of tobacco products like cigarettes and Rs 3,624 crore worth of unmanufactured tobacco like flue-cured Virginia tobacco in FY2010, the board said.

印度烟草委员会说，在2010财年，印度装运的卷烟等烟草产品价值74.895亿卢比，装运的未加工烟草，如弗吉尼亚烤烟，价值362.4亿卢比。

Plant diseases, pests and various execrable environments constitute prominent factors that lead to crop yield reduction. Tobacco is vulnerable to these factors as well. Where tobacco production is concerned, enormous amounts of economic loss are caused by tobacco, mosaic virus alone.

病虫害和各种恶劣环境是造成包括烟草在内的绝大多数农作物减产的主要因素，在烟草生产上，仅烟草花叶病一项每年造成的经济损失就十分巨大。

Compared the lignin and cellulose level of these two kinds of transgenic tobacco, we found that the cellulose content increased and the lignin content deduced in transgenic tobacco transformed with Amorpha fruticosa UGPA constructs, both the cellulose content and the lignin content increased in transgenic tobacco transformed with Acetobacter xylinum UGPA constructs.

结果表明，两种转基因烟草的尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶的活性均有明显提高；转紫穗槐UGPA基因的烟草纤维素含量有所提高，木质素含量略有降低，纤维素与木质素含量之大连理工大学博士学位论文比提高；而转木醋酸菌来源的UGPase基因的烟草木质素含量和纤维素含量均显著提高。

The aberrant phenotypes were observed in the anther of tobaccotransformed with ZM401 sense construct: the inflorescence growth and floral axiselongation are suppressed; the flower buds falling or flowers abscission earlier wereobserved. The degradation of tapetum are not observed at the binucleate pollen stagewhich corresponds to the mature stage, although the tapetal cells of untransformedtobacco anther at the same stage have already degenerated completely anddisappeared.

对转基因烟草进行形态学、组织学分析结果表明，ZM401基因以反向方式整合的转基因烟草表现一切正常，而含有ZM401正义基因的转基因烟草在表型和组织学上都出现了异常：花序生长缓慢，花序轴变短，生长过程中花逐渐脱落，花序轴褐化枯死；花药绒毡层退化延迟，药室内壁在雄配子体发育后期不能进行带状加厚，阻碍了花粉粒的释放。

Our previously study has been showed that transgenic N.benthamiana and N.tabacum plants expressing TYLCCNV DNAβC1 developed pleiotropic morphologic abnormalities such as leaf curling,distortion and interveinal protuberances on the abaxial surface. To determine whether theβC1 protein of TbCSY is also responsible for symptom induction,we prepared transgenic N.benthamiana and tomato plants expressing the TbCSV DNAββC1.Of the rooted plantlets,only 10%of transgenic N.benthamiana plants were moderately abnormal,including upward leaf curling.

DNAβ互补链上编码一个保守的ORF，即βC1，对TYLCCNV DNAβ的βC1的突变发现它编码一个症状决定因子，表达TYLCCNV DNAβ的βC1的转基因烟草产生曲叶、畸形和叶背面组织增生等发育异常的表型，而大部分转化TbCSV DNAβ的βC1基因的烟草和番茄植株均与正常植株类似，只有少数烟草表现出轻微叶上卷表型。

A method for the determination of phenol and catechol in tobacco leaf by high performance liquid chromatography with methanol and 0.05 mol/L of monopotassium phosphate as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min was described. Phenol and catechol were extracted from tobacco sample by distillation and solid phase extraction with Sep Park C 18 cartridge.

引 言挥发酚是烟草中一类重要的成分，它在烟草燃烧时直接进入烟气，大多有不好的气味，而且很难被掩盖；特别是苯酚和儿茶酚对呼吸系统有腐蚀作用和助癌作用，近年来逐渐引起了烟草化学工作者的注意〔1〕。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。