法

Least-squares method and matching collocation method are two frequently used ideas which are applied to virtual boundary element method.

等额配点法和最小二乘积分法是两种最常用的虚边界元法构造思路。

Fast algorithm of minimal norm least square solution for Cauchy linear system;2. For the m×n Cauchy-type matrix with full column rank,the fast algorithm of the minimal norm least square solution to the linear system Cx=b was obtained by construction of a special block matrix and study of the triangular decomposition.

对于秩为n的m×n阶Cauchy型矩阵C，通过构造特殊分块矩阵并研究其三角分解，进而得到了线性方程组C x=b的极小范数最小二乘解的快速算法，所需运算量为O+O(n2)，而通常构造法方程组的方法所需运算量为O(m n2)+O(n3)，用正交化法虽然避免了构造法方程组，但所需的运算量更大些。

By using combinatorial evaluation method to compare and analyze the efficiency of 18 railway transport enterprises,first of all,the paper builds a comprehensive index system,and then uses DEA,AINM,TOPSIS and ECM to evaluate the efficiency of enterprises.

本文首先建立了一套相对完善的铁路运输企业效率评价指标体系，并根据各种评价方法有针对性地调整具体指标体系。然后以数据包络分析、综合指数法、TOPSIS法和功效系数法四种评价方法分别评价各铁路局的运营效率并排序。

The simulation of design has been conducted by matrix method combined with iterative method.

操作型模型分别以T_0、T_K、处理量F_0、出料浓度x_等不同控制变量为未知变量并采用矩阵法结合迭代法进行操作模拟计算；在操作模拟计算的基础上，建立了复杂多效蒸发系统操作优化模型，该模型以浓缩成本最小为优化目标，以T_K和F_0为决策变量，采用遗传算法结合矩阵法求解。

Also introduced 3 kinds of methods to serve as a frequency domain data to change the theoretical foundation that is time domain data at the same time, namely law of Fourier progression law, fast Fourier commutation and Chirp-z commutation law, made corresponding assessment to these 3 kinds of methods.

同时也介绍了3种方法作为把频域数据转换为时域数据的理论基础，即傅里叶级数法、快速傅里叶变换法和Chirp-z变换法，并对这3种方法作了相应的评价。

On the other hand, finite difference and finite element methods use bases with small compact support but poor continuity properties.

小波基函数在空间域和频率域中都具有局部性特征，它的性质优于有限差分法、有限元法和伪谱法中所用的基函数。

By experiments, it is proved that the parabola method is faster and more precise than the golden section method and the Fibonacci method in searching for extremum of compound pendulum. Furthermore, the method can offer some references for the study of other extremum in physics.

文章通过实验采集数据并加以分析，证明了抛物线法搜寻复摆极值点比黄金分割法和Fibonacci法有更好的搜寻效果，并且该方法对于搜寻物理学中其它极值点问题具有参考价值。

Mastery the method of root canal treatment, includeing method of root canal preparation (standardized system, step-back technique, step-down technique) and root canal condensation technique, principle , operation, incidental problem in the operation course of every kind endodontic treatment method

掌握根管治疗的操作方法，包括根管预备方法（标准法，逐步后退法，冠根向深入法）和根管充填方法，各种牙髓治疗方法的原理、适应症、操作方法及操作过程中容易发生的问题

Experimental results show the recognition rate of the method is 95%for a known expresser and 72% for a novel expresser. Aiming at the shortcomings of optical flow technique,two improved optical flow algorithms are presented.One way is to introduce forward and backword constraint eqution and Hessian matrix of optical flow equation is computed.The well- posedness of each point of local neighbourhood is examined and the weight of Lucas-Kanade's method is defined as the reciprocal of the conditioning number of its Hessian Matrix.

3针对传统光流法的缺点，分别提出了两种不同的改进方法：其一为引入前向-后向光流方程，计算其Hessian矩阵，把Hessian矩阵条件数的倒数作为Lucas-Kanade光流法的加权阵，可有效消除局部邻域中不可靠约束点，同时提高基本约束方程解的稳定性；其二为针对传统光流法只适用于刚体运动的特点，在扩展约束光流方程的基础上引入了div-curl样条函数作为扩展光流约束方程的附加约束条件，给出了一阶和二阶div-curl样条约束下光流的数值解。

Nutrient release characteristics of coated potassium sulfate were estimated at different temperatures in water, by means of conductometer and flame photometer.

以山东农业大学"控释肥料中试车间"制作的包膜控释钾肥为材料，用静水浸泡法评价其在不同温度下的养分释放特性，分别采用电导率法和火焰光度法测定其养分释放速率。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。