氮

2Soil column leachate experiment shows, soil texture and soil section form are the main factors affecting the nitrate leaching; in soil organic fertilizer produce a nitrate leaching process, during five-month experiment, nitrate content has be increasing in leakage solution, organic fertilizer applying decrease the pH and increase the electric conduction of leakage solution, there is positive action between nitrate content in leakage solution and electric conduction, which shows that nitrate-N accumulation during organic fertilizer applying is one of the main factors for soil salification; for decrease the leaching of the nitrate-N in soil, in sandy moisture soil the best amount of organic fertilizer should be 7.5～ 15 t·hm~(-2), in Loamy moisture

在小麦-玉米轮作体系上投入化肥氮300kg·hm~(-2)N和有机肥22.3t·hm~(-2)折N261.2kg·hm~(-2，能使农田氮素收支达到平衡，在兼顾环境效益的基础上获得了较高的产量效益。并通过肥料效应函数和硝态氮累积效应函数进一步预测最佳施肥组合，即化肥氮施用量为N226.5kg·hm~(-2)，有机肥用量为39.9t·hm~(-2)折N466.8kg·hm~(-2，其中小麦季施化肥氮105.85kg·hm~(-2)N、有机肥30t·hm~(-2)折N351kg·hm~(-2，玉米季施化肥氮120kg·hm~(-2)N，有机肥9.9t·hm~(-2)折N115.8kg·hm~(-2。同时，磷素平衡分析表明，在施用有机肥的基础之上，化学磷肥的施用量应适量的减少或不施。

The results indicated as pH values in the range from 4.50 to 7.50, the volume and dry weight of root increased as pH values increased, as well as AAAR,TAAR. The relationship of nicotine and total nitrogen accumulation with pH values was parabola,the functions were Y=-61.429X2+391.17X-162.8 (F=l 8.45), Y=-24.3X2+154.88X+52.7 (F=14.40**) respectively. When pH value got rise to 7.50, the accumulation of nicotine and total nitrogen attained the highest .

主要研究结果如下： 1 不同pH值(4.50、5.50、6.50、7.50、8.50)对烤烟根系发育、根系吸收面积以及对烟叶烟碱、总氮、蛋白质和多酚物质积累影响的研究结果表明pH值在4.50～7.50范围内，根系体积和干重都随着pH值上升而增加，AAAR、TAAR也随着升高，烟叶中烟碱、总氮累积量随着pH值上升而增加，烟碱和总氮累积量与pH之间呈抛物线关系，关系式分别为Y=-61.429X~2+391.17X-162.8，F=18.45~；Y=-24.3X~2+154.88X+52.7，F=14.40~，pH值对烟碱和总氮累积量的影响存在极显著差异，当pH值升至7.50时，烟碱和总氮累积量达到最高值。

To reduce the poisonous compounds in the breeding ponds,five species of bacteria including denitrobacteria ,photosynthetic bacteria,thiobacteria and bioflocculation bacteria were screened from the breeding water.

针对养殖水体中因氨态氮、硫化氢和小分子有机酸富营养化引起的污染问题，分离筛选出硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、光合细菌、硫化细菌和生物絮凝菌等具有不同生理功能的污染物治理菌株，经优化配伍制备出性能优良的复合功能菌，结果表明：硝化细菌对氨态氮的去除率达97.8%，亚硝态氮的去除率达95.7%，反硝化细菌对硝态氮的去除率为96.4%，光合细菌和硫化细菌对硫化氢的去除率为55%，微生物絮凝菌的絮凝效率为83%；复合功能菌对CODCr、NH4+-N，总氮、硫化物的去除率分别可达94.3%，89.6%，88.7%和71.3%。

Nitrogen forms in compound fertilizer affected biomass accumulation of maize too,and the highest dry weight of shoot and root was found in the plants supplied with compound fertilizer containing 100% urea nitrogen in Udic Isohumisols,and mixed nitrate and ammonium in Udic Cambosols.

生长45 d玉米苗的地上和地下部的生物量，在黑土上均以全酰胺态氮的配方最高，地上部干重较其他配方增加10%左右；而在潮土上则以铵态氮与硝态氮配方的效果最好，铵态氮和酰胺态氮混合的配方在2种土壤上均较差。

The prevention and countermeasure of Nitrogen Trichloride fire explosion were discussed from the fire explosion fatalness,the harm,the reason of forming and gathering in the chlorin and alkali producing of Nitrogen Trichloride in the article.

赵秋德，三氯化氮火灾爆炸防治对策研究从三氯化氮的火灾爆炸危险性，三氯化氮的危害，三氯化氮在氯碱生产中生成和富集原因等方面入手，论述了三氯化氮火灾爆炸事故的防治对策。

When RN was 25%∶75%,N and amylum were lowest,and volatile base were highest.With 100% ammonium,reducing sugar,Cl and amylum were highest,and K/Cl,nicotin and K were lowest.With 100% nitrate,the content and uptake of N,K and Cl were the lowest;3 Any RN,the content of nicotin,N,K,Cl and amylum satisfied the demand of high quality tobacco,reducing sugar was on the other way round.

RN为25%∶75%时，挥发碱含量最高，总氮、淀粉含量最低。100%铵态氮时，还原糖、氯含量、淀粉的含量最高，碱、钾、钾氯比最低，同时显著地降低烤烟的等级结构。100%硝态氮时，总氮、钾、氯在烟叶中的含量最低，吸收总量也最少，同时产量、产值、均价也处于最低水平；3本试验的任何RN下，烟碱、总氮、钾、氯、淀粉的含量均符合优质烟叶要求，而还原糖相反。

The results showed: 1 RN didn't the leaf width,leaf long,leaf area,yield,productive value and average price of flue-cured tobacco,but had significant effect on grad composing,content of chemical component and the accumulation of N,K and Cl.Within limited rang of RN,the relations between yield,average price,yield of high grad tobacco,yield of low grad tobacco,nicotin,N,reducing sugar,Cl,amylum,volatile base and the quotient of ammonium would been described by significant quadratic polynomial,and the relations between K and the quotient of ammonium conformed to negative linear equation;2With a RN of 75%∶25%,the value of proportion of high and middle grad tobacco,content of nicotin,N,K,uptake of N and K/Cl were the highest,volatile base was lowest.

结果表明：1RN对烤烟的农艺性状、产量、产值、均价等没有明显影响，而对烤烟的等级结构、内在化学成分含量、氮、钾、氯的吸收量有着显著影响，可以用显著的二次多项式模型或直线相关方程描述产值、均价、上等烟产量、下等烟产量等经济性状以及烟碱、总氮、钾、还原糖、氯、淀粉、挥发碱等内在化学成分的含量与铵态氮份额之间的关系；2RN为75%∶25%时，中上等烟比例、烟碱、总氮、钾、钾氯比、氮吸收量最高，挥发碱含量最低。

The N input from rainfall in HPA was about 3 to 4 times higher than that in LPA and CK. However, the biomass of vegetables in HPA was decreased by up to 40%, when compared with that in CK, thus leading to a significant decrease in N output through crop harvesting. As a result, a large proportion of N was sequestrated in the soils subjected to acid rain, which subsequently enhanced nitrate leaching posing a risk to water environment.

在酸沉降重污染区，降水输入系统的氮远大于轻污染区和对照区（约3~4倍），同时因酸雨危害，蔬菜产量明显低于对照区，仅为对照区产量的60%，使系统中通过作物收获的氮输出减少，结果导致大量氮滞留于土壤中并以硝态氮等形态淋失，给水环境带来了氮污染风险。

Compared with that in the control, the proportion of acidolysable organic nitrogen to total nitrogen decreased mainly due to decreasing proportion of amino acid nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen to total nitrogen.

施肥处理的酸解有机氮占全氮的比例减小，主要是由氨基酸态氮、酸解铵态氮占全氮的比例减小所致。

Azobenzene functionalized polyelectrolytes and polyamphiphiles are novel functional polymers with many interesting characteristics such as the photo-responsive properties based on the photo-induced cis-trans isomerization, the ability to build up ordered supramolecular structure, and the sensitivity to the environmental stimuli. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the rules that control the formation of ordered structures from the azo polyelectrolytes and polyamphiphiles based on the supramolecular interaction, to explore the relationships between the material functionality and the supramolecular self-assembled structures at different levels, and to establish the methods for producing novel materials with potential applications in photonic and electronic areas.

中文题名光响应性偶氮聚电解质自组装及超分子结构的研究副题名外文题名 Self-assembly and supramolecular structure of photoresponsive azo polyelectrolytes 论文作者庹新林导师刘德山教授学科专业材料学研究领域\研究方向高分子材料学位级别博士学位授予单位清华大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数162页关键词聚电解质超分子结构自组装偶氮聚电解质馆藏号BSLW /2003 /O631 /38 偶氮聚电解质和两亲性偶氮聚合物是一类新颖的功能性聚合物，同时具有偶氮苯基团的光响应性、聚电解质和两亲性聚合物在适当条件下形成各种有序结构及其结构对周围环境具有敏感响应性等特点。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。