有病毒的

They then took an equivalent gene from another virus and inserted it into the host plant's DNA.

接著他们从另外一种病毒抽取人工病毒所欠缺的基因，并将此基因插入到宿主植物的DNA中，然后再用人为的方法让植物感染到这种基因有缺陷的病毒。

It is also found that all the faculty in the animal center have antibody specific to this virus, and 14 of 40 people who had never contacted with the marmosets have antibody to the virus. The result suggests that the virus has a close relation to human, and may be a common respiratory virus in human and marmoset.

我们在初步分析本次疾病流行规律的同时，发现动物中心工作人员都有此病原体的抗体，并且在正常人群中也有此病毒的抗体，阳性率高达46.7％（14／40），提示此病原体与人类有密切的关系，可能是一株人和狨猴共患的呼吸道病毒。

Recombinant adenovirus particles were produced after 293 cells transfected with recombinant Ad genomic plasmid DNA digested with PacI, then they were further amplified in 293 cells.

纯化所得腺病毒滴度约为8×1012pfu/L，当MOI=100时，腺病毒感染HepG1细胞的效率＞75％，Western Blot证实在感染重组体腺病毒的细胞中有相应基因产物的表达。

Since the etiologic diagnoses of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E were established, there are still a part of patients with hepatitis in which the pathogenic causes can not be identified. After a lot of epidemiological and laboratory investigations, it was speculated that other parenterally transmissible pathogens causing human hepatitis existed.

自从建立起甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5种肝炎病毒的病原学诊断之后，仍有少部分肝炎患者的病因得不到明确，因此不少学者试图探索是否还有新型肝炎病毒的存在，并进行了大量的流行病学和实验诊断的研究，认为的确存在可经肠道外传播并引起人类肝炎的致病因子。1995年Simons等成功地克隆出2株黄病毒RNA序列，称之为GBV-A、GBV-B。

Pokeweed antiviral protein belongs to Ribosome-inactive Proteins . PAP has potent antiviral activity against many plant virus. pTI was used as the template to amplify the deleted mutant PAP gene (N-deleted and N-, C-deleted) by PCR and then the two genes were cloned into expression vector.

美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白是一类能很好的抑制植物病毒的蛋白，很早就有报道低剂量的商陆叶片粗粉末就能明显的抑制TMV在菜豆叶片上局部枯斑的形成，PAP缓释剂也己用于病毒病的防治工作。

"Researchers have recognized the potential of amoebae as a source of new viruses for a while," said Patrick Forterre, a microbiologist at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, who was not involved with the study.

拉奥尔特表示，这种被称作Marseillevirus的病毒，其基因组的组成成分&跟其他病毒的DNA有很大差异&，它与寄生在变形虫体内的其他巨型病毒和细菌等微生物进行过遗传物质互换。

It is also possible that there is something unique about Mexico, such as that those who died were infected with another virus which interacts lethally with the new one.

也可能有一些墨西哥的独特之处，如那些死于感染其他病毒的人，这些病毒和新病毒相互作用后是致命的。

Dr. Sandrock said there is no vaccine that will protect against the virus, but he said that if populations are old enough to have experienced the 1968 strain, for instance, they may have a host-adapted MHC?I primed T-cell response with epitopes, is appropriate for viral clearance may confer some protection and result in a mild to moderate disease, where the host would just "feel crummy."

Sandrock医师表示，没有可以抵抗此病毒的疫苗，但他表示，如果一些年纪较大者、曾经历过1968年的病毒株，他们或许有抗原决定位的原发T细胞反应、宿主-后天主要组织相容性复体第一型，适合病毒清除以及赋予一些保护力，造成疾病较轻微或中等，宿主的感觉相当轻微。

At a certain range, habitat loss and its spatial structure can benefit the control of the epidemic disease, which indicates the possibility of using human disturbance in habitat as a potential epidemic-control method in conservation.(6) Not only the quantity of habitat loss but also the spatial correlations of patch types caused by nonrandom habitat loss affect the invasion and transmission of disease. More fragmented landscape (high amount of habitat loss, low clustering of lost patches) hinders the parasitic infection, which also indicates that whether the spatial heterogeneity benefits or hinders the invasion is dependent on the considered ecological process.(7) Two components of the spatial heterogeneity (the amount and spatial autocorrelation of the lost habitat) form a trade-off in determining the host-parasite dynamics.(8) Within a certain range of habitat loss, host can counterbalance the positive and negative effects, and shows a rising tendency.(9) The epidemic is more likely to break out in the prey-predator system if only a small amount of habitat loss.(10) A highly aggregated distribution of species is a common behavioral strategy when dealing with habitat loss or other environmental stresses.(11) The parasite-host/prey-predator eco-epidemiological systems have the similar mechanism with the intraguild predation systems, and the predator acts as the intraguild predation, the infected prey acts as intraguild prey, and the susceptible prey acts as shared resource.(12) Species at the highest trophic level are no longer affected the most by habitat loss, which depend not only on the biological mechanism but also on the external environmental disturbances.

随着邻体数目的增加，病毒的感染力度变得更大而且在空间上形成聚集的波形；(5)生境破坏及其空间结构在一定范围内有利于疾病的控制，这暗示人为对生境的干扰可作为疾病控制的一个潜在方法；(6)生境破坏的数量以及不同类型生境的空间分布格局都显著地影响了寄生病毒的入侵和传播，生境破碎化程度越高(高丧失斑块的数量或低聚集程度)，将越有害于病毒的入侵和传播，这暗示了空间异质性是否有益于物种的入侵依赖于所考虑的生态过程；(7)由生境破坏引起的空间异质性的两个组分之间存在负偶联关系trade-off(8在适度的生境破坏范围内，宿主种群能够平衡生境破坏带来的正负两种效应并呈现增长趋势；(9)在捕食-食饵系统中，寄生感染病毒极有可能在生境破坏量较低时爆发；(10)物种在面临生境破坏或者其它环境压力时表现出更高的聚集分布策略；(11)寄生-宿主/食饵-捕食生态传染病系统与共位捕食食物网结构具有相似的生物机制，其中捕食者扮演共位捕食者的角色，已感染食饵作为共位食饵，易感染食饵扮作共同消耗的资源；(12)位于最高营养级水平的种群对生境破坏的响应不一定是最敏感的，这不仅依赖于内在的生物机制同时也依赖于外在的环境干扰。

moxa fumigation in ward had a certain inactivation effect to HBsAg and HBeAg,but didn't completely inactivate HBV,didn't replace disinfectants on inactivation to virus,and may be used in air disinfection of baby-friendly ward.

爱婴病房艾条熏蒸对乙肝病毒HBsAg和HBeAg均有一定的灭活效果，但不能达到对乙肝病毒完全灭活的目的，不可代替过氧乙酸等消毒剂对病毒的灭活作用，可用于爱婴病房的空气消毒。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。