有机物

The paper researched on characters of NOMbased on the fractionation of NOM,and studied the control of DBPs( disinfection by-product s) by chloramine compared with chlorine.

在对天然有机物分类的基础上进行了水体中有机物的特性研究，并采用氯胺对不同特性有机物的氯化消毒副产物进行了控制研究。

The paper researched on characters of NOMbased on the fractionation of NOM,and studied the control of DBPs(disinfection by-products) by chloramine compared with chlorine.

在对天然有机物分类的基础上进行了水体中有机物的特性研究，并采用氯胺对不同特性有机物的氯化消毒副产物进行了控制研究。

Besides, viewing from the organic matters of different molecular weight, chloramine disinfection controlled the THMs and HAAs formation of the organisims whose molecular were less than 10KDa, and the control effect was weakened at some certain extent with the increase of molecular weight.

当有机物按不同分子量来分级时，氯胺消毒能使分子量＜10KDa的有机物生成THMs和HAAs的量明显减少；随着有机物分子量的升高，氯胺消毒的控制效果有一定程度的减弱。

The results showed that the optimum conditions for pretreatment of coking wastewater were 6 g activated carbon per liter, 30 ℃, pH=9 and reaction for 20 min, under which the removal efficiency of organic pollutants are more than 70%. Among the 56 kinds of organic compounds, 45 kinds such as dolichoalkanes, polynucleation aromatic series, azacyclo compounds could be removed, and the removal ratios of amidobenzene, hydroxybenzene, indoleacetic, acid-2-methyl-phenyl-ester are 63.5%, 42.6%, 88.1%, 28.1% respectively, while cresol and xylenol are more than 70% and 85%.

结果表明，在最佳反应条件即活性炭投加量6 g·L-1，温度30 ℃，pH＝9，反应时间20 min的情况下处理废水有机物去除率大于70％，原水中检测出的56种有机物中的45种被去除，如长链烷烃、多环芳香族及氮杂环化合物等的浓度降至检测限以下，剩余的11种有机物中苯胺、苯酚、吲哚、乙酸-2-甲基苯酯的去除率分别达到63.5％、42.6％、88.1％、28.1％，甲苯酚和二甲苯酚(5种)去除率在70％和85％以上。

Based on toxicity mechanism, a QSAR model was established and used to explain the toxicity of organic chemicals to fathead minnow and Photobacterium phosphoreum, which showed good relationships with wide range of organic compounds.

根据毒性机理，从理论上推导出有机物的定量结构—活性方程，并用来解释有机物对呆鲦鱼和发光菌的毒性，成功地阐述了有机物对水生生物的毒性机制，区分了有机物对不同生物的毒性的联系和区别，为有机物生物活性预测提供了新的思路。

These results indicated that a well structured anatase TiO2 was obtained by impregnation method under 500℃. Flow rate, in the activity test, could be neglected for mass transfer effects. As a matter of fact, relative humidity played the most important role in this reaction. The highest removal efficiency was obtained while relative humidify of 56.8%. Water molecules are sources of ; however, excessive water molecules could inhibit reactions by competing activity sites with organic containments. In the regeneration test, photocatalyst could be reactivated through a running water vapor with UV light illumination process.

研究结果指出，以含浸法制备之触媒於500℃锻烧下，具有良好的锐钛矿晶体结构；另外在活性测试的部份，流量的增加，污染物之去除效果不受影响，所以本实验选择以200ml/min之流量可忽略质传影响；湿度扮演重要的角色，当RH=56.8％时去除效率最高，主要因水气是产生氢氧自由基的主要来源，但是过多之水气可能与有机物竞争触媒表面上的活性位置，因而抑制反应的进行；初使浓度对去除率之影响中得知，初使浓度的高低不会影响触媒对有机物的催化能力，实验使用之触媒量适合催化200~250ppm之有机物，可藉由增加触媒量提高对有机物之催化能力；此外再生的测试，触媒可经由连续曝水及紫外光的照射，使触媒恢复原有的活性，可再次利用。

The result makes clear, 2 class give urban sewage plant on the molecular quantity interval that organic owner should center the dissolvability in water water in kDa, and the content of organic matter compares hydrophoby the element of content big; of organic matter measures hydrophily interval distributings different organic thing shows water to accept filter film flux and hold back rate having distinct effect, the organic matter under molecular quantity 2kDa causes accept filter film to appear water flux attenuation bigger, organic matter is held back rate is minor, the organic matter that amounts to 57.2%; element to measure 10 ～ 100kDa causes accept filter film to appear water flux attenuation gentlier, organic matter is held back rate is older however highest the organic matter that amounts to 73.8%; to kiss scanty sex to differ shows water to accept filter film flux and hold back rate having distinct effect, classics is right of velar surface obstruction determine, confirm cause film to appear water flux and the main material that hold back rate change to be hydrophoby material, and the change that hydrophily material causes is minor.

结果表明，城市污水厂二级出水水中的溶解性有机物主要集中在kDa的分子量区间上，且疏水性有机物的含量比亲水性有机物的含量大；分子量区间分布不同的有机物对纳滤膜透水通量和截留率有着不同的影响，分子量2kDa以下的有机物引起纳滤膜透水通量衰减较大，有机物截留率较小，达57.2%；分子量10～100kDa的有机物引起纳滤膜透水通量衰减较平缓，有机物截留率却较大最高达73.8%；亲疏性不同的有机物对纳滤膜透水通量和截留率有着不同的影响，经对膜表面阻力的测定，证实引起膜透水通量和截留率变化的主要物质为疏水性物质，而亲水性物质引起的变化较小。

The silicone rubber membrane used in SRMBR is a polymer-made non-porous material. It is hydrophobe and non-permeable to inorganic salt, and has the high selective ethanol permeability. Compared to the conditional separation technology, the pervaporation through SRM has the advantages of low-cost and low-pollution, especially applicable to separating volatile matter from organic matter-water system or organic-organic matter system.

其中的硅橡胶膜作为一种均相聚合物材料无孔膜，具有不透无机盐成分、疏水和对乙醇有较高选择透过性等特点；与传统分离技术相比，硅橡胶膜的渗透蒸发分离过程具有低能耗、污染少等优点，尤其适用于在有机物-水或有机物-有机物体系中分离挥发性有机物组分，现已用于发酵下游产物分离处理的试验研究中，并取得初步成效。

Organics which could be volatilised easily or difficultly decreased fast at the early days, then decreased slow, but the organics which can volatilised easily decreased faster. Hydrophilic organics in the raw water decreased , while hydrophobe organics incresed. 4 Stainless steel and acid-resistant keramics showed less effect on the water's qulity, while the fiber steel which had used for storage in the experiment showed great effect.

随着贮存时间的延长，水中4KD～10KD所占比例升高，而4KD以下的有机物所占比例则下降；水中难吹脱性有机物与水中易吹脱性有机物都减少，且初期下降快后期下降慢，但易吹脱性有机物减少速度快于难吹脱性有机物；水中亲水性有机物所占比例下降，而疏水性有机物所占比例上升，发生了亲水性TOC向疏水性TOC转化。

In the current study, anoxic dechlorinations of p, p'-DDT,γ-HCH, HCB in the Liao River sediment were studied under the following conditions: without any additional short chain carbon substrates or vitamin B〓; with the addition of short chain carbon sources (including sodium lactate, sodium propionate or sodium acetate); with the addition of vitamin B〓; with the addition of both short chain carbon substrates and vitamin B〓, with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate , a kind of surfactant; the coexistence of the three chlorinated compounds.

氯代有机物一般都是典型的持久性环境污染物，其中部分氯代有机物还是环境激素类物质，例如，滴滴涕、林丹和六氯苯等，这些氯代有机物在环境中的迁移转化一直是国际环境化学领域的热点、重点课题。氯代有机物进入环境水体后，成为沉积物吸附态有机污染物的重要成分，天然水沉积物经常处于缺氧状态。因此，研究氯代有机物在天然水体沉积物中的缺氧脱氯行为是非常必要的。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。