最小量

Experiential formula indicates that the effect of the aiguille's diameter on the drilling force and torque moment is maximal,the feed rate takes second place and cutting speed is minimal.

由经验公式可以确定：对钻削力和扭矩影响最大的是钻头直径d，进给量f次之，切削速度v的影响最小。

Results show that radial basis function and point interpolation methods possess Kronecker Delta function property, but the robustness is poor in some cases; the MLS approximation function does not possess Kronecker Delta function property, but it has good robustness. Differences among the three discretization schemes of meshless method are as follows:the collocation method requires no numerical integration and very little computational time while its robustness is poor; Galerkin method is not a truly meshless method due to the background meshes required for integration; the Petrov-Galerkin method is a truly meshless method and need numerical integration in each sub-domain, so it needs more computational time.

分析结果显示：径向基函数和点插值法均具有d 函数属性，但计算稳定性差；移动最小二乘近似函数不具有d 函数属性，但计算比较稳定；无网格方法中的3种离散方法不同之处在于：配点法不需要积分，计算量小，计算稳定性差；Galerkin方法需要借助背景网格进行积分，它不是真正的无网格方法；Petrov-Galerkin方法，是一种真正的无网格方法，它需要对每个子域进行积分，计算工作量较大。

The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the result of the first one has bug error with optimal results, and the second one is superior to the former, and the third one is best, which can get the optimal result based on least upper bound of error probability.

证实了"基于最小错误概率上界特征提取"是目前可以用迭代算法完成的最好的特征提取，而"基于马氏距离特征提取"在错误概率上界上升很小的代价下，简化了计算量，也是一种可行的方法。

In addition, an effective method is proposed to select the β-reducts. First, we calculate a precision parameter value to obtain the subsets of information system that are based on the least upper bound of the data misclassification error. Next, we measure the quality of classification and remove redundant attributes from each subset.

本论文也提出一个根据精确参数来选择最简化集合的方法，这方法首先利用资料错误率的最小上界来决定精确参数值，并利用所获得的精确参数值来寻找资讯系统的子集合；接著计算每一个子集合的分类品质并利用分类品质的量测移除子集合中多余的属性，而删除多余属性的子集合即β的最简化属性集合。

First the new total losses calculation method is implemented by means of the classification of variable loss and invariable loss. Hereby, the optimal voltage curve corresponding to the minimum total losses could be conveniently obtained according to the given torque curve. Then the calculation and implementing method for optimal voltage under every running condition are put forward by use of on-line measured field input quantities.

按照不变损耗和可变损耗新的划分方式得到相应的损耗计算方法；据此，根据给定的转矩曲线，能方便地得到总损耗最小所对应的最优电压曲线，进而提出由现场在线可测输入量求得各种工况下最优电压的方法。

Fist, comprehensive analysis on the current study on data processing is made, and characters of Newton methods about nonlinear surveying and mapping data processing are discussed, and then new solutions to parameters estimate with multi-sources, multi-types, multi-dimension, multi-precision bynonlinear least square are presented such as PSB algorithm, digital continuation and generalized digital continuation algorithm, cone model method, tensor analysis method, GCMA(mixed algorithm of gradient method and conjugate gradient method), combining algorithm based on Newton method and gradient method and confidence region and so on, and a new fast difference iterative algorithm is proposed towards parameters estimation containing random parameters in nonlinear models, and a new solutions to nonlinear least squares surveying and mapping adjustment by parameters estimation both considering the random and nonrandom parameters is presented after studying on nonlinear data processing in deformation monitoring, and at last primary analysis on error propagation of spatial data is made and approximate error propagation formula and error analysis formula to length and area are proposed.

首先比较全面分析了目前测量数据处理理论的研究现状，讨论了牛顿类方法在处理非线性模型参数估计方面的特点，研究并给出了求解多源、多类型、多维、多精度、非线性最小二乘测量平差参数估计的若干种新方法，这包括PSB算法、数值延拓及其广义数值延拓算法、锥模型法、张量分析法、基于最速下降法和牛顿法的组合算法、基于最速下降

As compared with the traditional irrigation-traditional fertilization, the following results of the improved optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization were obtained: significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency; the like tiller number per unit area, percentage of the tiller ear number/the tiller number, the ear number per unit area, the greatly reduced grain number per ear, and significantly heavier weight of 1, 000 grains; a trifle taller plants; shorter base internode length, a bit more weight per unit internode length, longer internode length under ear; almost the same LAI values in middle and later stages; coincident process of dry matter accumulation from straight growth onwards, a little more dry matter accumulation amount from earing to maturity; a little longer flag leaf, 2〓 leaf, 3〓 leaf (but the three leaves were shorter than those of the optimized irrigation-traditional fertilization) and shorter 4〓 leaf from top, a bit reduced total area of these leaves; almost the same leaf thickness, mean canopy leaf tilt angle, light extinction coefficient , ratio of light penetration in the upper, middle and lower parts of the wheat canopy, and fair plant type; almost the same senescence process of flag leaf; and increased root amount in 0-120cm soil layer and smaller rate of progressive decrease of the root length density and root weight density with soil getting deep, which can strengthen the resistance to adverse conditions such as water stress in the later stage.

在优化水肥条件下，冬小麦总分蘖数、成穗率及单位面积穗数与传统水肥比较接近，但穗粒数显著减少，千粒重显著提高；株高稍有增加；基部节间长度缩短，充实度略微增高，穗下节间增长；中后期LAI与传统水肥的LAI值基本吻合；起身至成熟干物质积累量动态变化过程与传统水肥十分接近，但抽穗至成熟所形成的干物质量增加；上三叶变长（但上三叶长度增加幅度小于优化灌溉-传统施肥处理），倒4叶变短，总叶面积略有减少；叶片厚度、冠层平均叶倾角、消光系数、冠层各层的透光率与传统水肥差异很小，株型较好；旗叶叶绿素含量动态变化与传统水肥十分接近；0-120cm土层的总根量明显增加，上层根群和深层根群的差异最小，有利于提高小麦后期的抗逆力。

In the outlets of the most important thing is to not only expand the widening and business card printing and membership card making pressure, dot-to-value, the number of lines, the point-the dot, now generally used in point form, circular square dot dot dot, chain-shaped.

网不背最不主给的题目不离是扩不小，扩不小量不仅与制卡和会员卡制息不张力、网不背的不败数、线数有关，还与网不背的不背不神有关，此刻凡是搁置的不背不神有方不神网不背、圆不神网不背、链不神网不背。

For the FA, the results indicated that the VPD calculation using mean of 24 hourly temperature values as saturation vapor pressure, and wet-bulb depression as actual vapor pressure yielded the lowest error, the least range, and the most frequency with the highest WI. These outcomes were as well as the SIA with the lowest EMSE, R^2 higher than 0.99 and the highest CE.

分析结果显示，以频率分析法而言，各地农业气候分区均呈现，VPD计算式以24个时温度日平均为饱和蒸汽压力，与湿球下陷量为实际蒸汽压力，具误差最少、全距最小、出现频率最多及最高权重指数，性能表现最佳，这样的结果，对照统计指标法之检测评估，同样具最低RMSE、R^2值0.99以上及最大CE，性能表现优於其他所有VPD计算式，两者，结果一致。

13 Safety valve should also be installed to the steam side of the heater to avoid the excessive pressure caused by the pipe rupture. 10% of peak load water flow should be passed, or the discharge flow of one pipe and two ruptures should be passed. The maximum of the two should be selected and sufficient

5.1.13加热器汽侧也应设置安全阀，防止由于管子破裂而造成超压，其最小容量应能通过最大负荷给水流量的10%或一根管与两个断口排放的流量，两者取最大值并留有足够的安全裕量。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。