时期

This paper gives a brief introduction to anthropological studies of Japanese scholars in the period (1895-1945)of Taiwan as a colony of Japan, reviews the foundation and change of main academicals institutions, scholars and its fieldwork , and main scholarship achievement and it is pointed out that Japanese scholars' anthropological knowledge acquired in Taiwan belongs to colonialism.

本文从研究机构的设立和变化、主要学者及其田野工作和著述，以及主要学术成就等几个方面，对日据时期(1895-1945年)日本殖民政府和学院派学者在台湾的人类学活动作一般性概述。同时结合台湾具体的历史情境，对这个时期日本学者的人类学知识的性质作出判断，指出这个时期日本学者在台湾生产的人类学知识在形态上是属于殖民主义的。

This period, social structure urgent hurriedly changes, social contradiction is unusually acerb, annex war is consecutive, culture thought is all-time and active.......

使这一时期成为中国历史上诸子百家政治学术思想大融合的重要时期，这个时期，社会结构急遽变化，社会矛。。。。。。

On the poet's choice, mainly be decided by two standards, one is the popularity and influences of works; two is the meaning of the creations development that it create for the whole colony. Owing to above two standards, the writer chooses seven writers to launch the treatise, they are Jidi Maja, Jimu Langge, Luwu Laqi, Ma Deqing, Aku Wuwu , Asu Yuer, Eni-Mushashijia. In discussing the process, the writer used the nationality and Poetics of the poem as the latent clues, emphasized to inquiry into three main roads and three main realms. On the article structure, the full text mainly is divided into two parts, one is the concrete imago analysis to each poet creations, two is upon the analytical foundation the integration of the theories, with this the treatise could be united into an organic whole. In regard to the conclusion, we educe the characteristics of the colony is deep consciousness to the nation culture, also extensive exploration and attention to poetics. The blemish is the inside emotion and sensibility is similar or duplicate and that the creation pattern is narrow. The main develop threads of the colony are upon the female clan culture the diverse poem skill investigation, its nation culture value tropism present the rising spiral type of return- leave- return again.

在研究方法上，本文以意象分析法为贯穿全文的主要方法，通过对意象的具体分析来透视凉山诗群的诗歌世界；在诗人的选择上以其作品的影响力及意义为标准，选择了这一诗群的七位诗人展开论述，他们分别是吉狄马加、吉木狼格、倮伍拉且、马德清、阿库乌雾、阿苏越尔、俄尼·牧莎斯加；在论述过程上，笔者以诗歌的民族性和诗性作为前后贯穿的潜在线索，着重探讨了这一诗群创作的三个主要倾向和三个主要领域，前者详论，后者略述，具体表现在对前三位诗人的论述以诗人论的形式详细展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群发展过程中的三个主要创作倾向，即民族文化的深层开掘、诗艺的实验性探索和艺术哲学的尝试性建构，对后四位诗人的论述则以主题的方式展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群在爱情诗、乡土诗和文化诗三个领域的探索；在文章结构上，全文主要分为两大板块，一是对各位诗人创作的具体意象分析，二是在前文分析的基础上进行理论的整合，以此将前面散珠似的论述贯穿成一个有机整体；在结论上，我们通过整合得出：1、凉山诗人群新时期以来诗歌创作的大致发展脉络：在母族文化的基质之上的多元诗艺探索，其民族文化价值取向呈现为回归—离去—再回归的螺旋式上升形态；2、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的特点，即民族文化意识的深层自觉，对诗性的关注和探索；3、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的缺陷，即情感意蕴的雷同和创作格局的狭小。

Pan Jun, from the angle ofrecovering self and preserving personal dignity, promotes human\'s desires to the high level of psychological experience and emotional communication which is so purely individualistic and spiritual as to transcend worldly ethics and morals. No matter themes of above writers: pursuing self, revealing personality, liberating spirit, or attacking servility, expressing true feelings, calling for dignity, they are all created on the foundation of constructing individual subjective consciousness of the Neo-Era Chinese nationals.

上述作家的创作主题，无论是追寻自我、张扬个性、解放精神，还是鞭挞奴性、表达真情、召唤尊严，都是以新时期中国国民的个人主体意识的建构作为基石的，因此，他们的创作实践和努力，代表了新时期作家对建构国人现代主体意识的孜孜以求的追索和探询，标志着中国新时期文学中一种新的人文精神的创立。

Pan Jun, from the angle ofrecovering self and preserving personal dignity, promotes humans desires to the high level of psychological experience and emotional communication which is so purely individualistic and spiritual as to transcend worldly ethics and morals. No matter themes of above writers: pursuing self, revealing personality, liberating spirit, or attacking servility, expressing true feelings, calling for dignity, they are all created on the foundation of constructing individual subjective consciousness of the Neo-Era Chinese nationals.

上述作家的创作主题，无论是追寻自我、张扬个性、解放精神，还是鞭挞奴性、表达真情、召唤尊严，都是以新时期中国国民的个人主体意识的建构作为基石的，因此，他们的创作实践和努力，代表了新时期作家对建构国人现代主体意识的孜孜以求的追索和探询，标志着中国新时期文学中一种新的人文精神的创立。

In a child the outer annular fibres attach to the edge of the cartilage plate; in an adolescent they attach to the ring apophysis; and in an adult they attach to the outer vertebral ring.

孩童时期，外围环状纤维附著在软骨板的边缘；青少年时期，附著在骨突环；成人时期，附著在外围椎骨环。

This part focus on morbid population of Lin Xiang Kingdom where is characterized by waterways net, high temperature and aquosity in Sun-Wu period. The research based on the latest excavated Changsha Zou Ma Lou Wu Jian(the Bambooslips Digging from Zoumalou, Zou Ma Lou Wood/Bamboo Scripts of Wu Kingdom at Changsha City today). The maladies appeared under such condition had a close connection with lepra, schistosomiasis which were also produced under such peculiar geographical environment. At the same time, the short of iodine element was part of the cause of some maladies, such as deafness, blindness and so on.

三地理环境与孙吴时期临湘侯国的疾病人口问题：拙文是以新近出土的长沙走马楼吴简所提供的史料为基础、以孙吴时期地处河网交叉、高温高湿环境下的临湘侯国的疾病人口问题为研究对象的；拙文认为：孙吴时期临湘侯国在高温高湿条件下所出现的疾病类型，与特殊地理环境中所出现的血吸虫病、麻风病有着密切的关系；同时，由于环境中碘元素的缺乏，也造成了聋耳、盲目等疾病的发生。

The first part is the contention of singing in different periods of our contemporary and modern history. Starting with three historical periods: before, and after the establishment of the country, and since the opening policy, this part describes the types of singings existing in each period.

文章正文共分四个部分第一部分我国近现代史上关于唱法的争论本章从建国前、建国以后到&文革&时期、改革开放时期三个历史时期入手，对各个时期声乐界存在的唱法类型做概括的描述。

According to the content and evolvingcharacteristic of Labour's principle,the long evolution period ofLabour's programme has been divided into four different historical stage,(1)1900-1935,The Formation preiod of Labour's Programme,(2)1935-1951 The riping and utilizing phase,(3)1951-1979 Right-deviation period,(4)The period of compromising with the conservative party's theory.

主要根据纲领的内容和演变的特点，把90年来工党纲领的演进史分为四个不同的历史阶段：（1）1900-1935工党纲领的形成时期；（2）1935-1951工党纲领的成熟和运作时期；（3）1953-1979工党纲领的右倾时期；（4）1979-90年代，工党纲领同保守党的折衷时期。

Other chroniclers of American history talk of "ages" that lasted no more than a decade or so.

其他美国史编年史家都是用不到十年左右的&时期&（改革时期、镀金时期、爵士乐时期等等）来谈论美国史。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。