方法研究

By analyzing the spatial relations of urban road network, the abuttal relation between road sections is discussed.(2) By analyzing the cognition process for sign information, the design method based on spatial reasoning is established.

首先对城市道路网的空间关系进行了分析，明确了路段邻接关系的表达；然后通过对标志信息的认知分析，探讨了基于空间推理的道路信息标示设计方法，最后对方法的具体实现进行了说明。3、基于标志性地物的指路标志设计方法研究。

By applying contour integral method and high-order displacement functionsof MM,we obtain the accurate stress intensity factors of mixed-mode crack.Then,the open crack propagation of the mixed mode I and II is simulated by means oftheories of linear elastic fracture mechanics.This provides a simple and effectivenumerical way for crack evolvement studying.

接着，文中采用围线积分法和流形方法的高阶位移函数来计算得到比较准确的混合型裂纹尖端的应力强度因子，然后基于线弹性断裂力学的裂纹扩展准则，用流形方法实现了平面I-II混合型张裂纹扩展的数值模拟，为数值方法研究裂纹的演化行为提供了一条简单而有效的途径。

Based on general discussion over all available fault-tolerant control methods, we chose linear matrix inequation to do research on robust fault-tolerant control. The result could apply to the control problem of three-axis stabilized directional satellite control system.

在对现有各种容错控制方法进行了综述的基础上，选择线性矩阵不等式方法进行鲁棒容错控制方法研究，得到的结果适用于三轴稳定定向卫星控制系统的容错控制。

Based on the study of DNA isolation from different samples, this paper applied polymerase chain reaction and PCR-derived technology, and utilized many kinds of known samples and reference materials (such as soybean, maize, rice, potato, and pimiento, etc.) to establish the qualitative, half-quantitative, and quantitative GMO detection method: 1. We established a qualitative PCR screening method for CaMV 35S promoter and Tnos terminator. It must be taken into account that false positive results from screening method.

在DNA提取方法研究的基础上，本文应用聚合酶链式反应(polymerasechain reaction，PCR)及其衍生技术，利用大豆、玉米、水稻、马铃薯、甜椒等多种已知标准样品，建立了多种农作物和植物源性食品的GMO定性、半定量和定量检测方法： 1、在单基因定性检测技术方面，针对现有的商品化GMO中大多数含有花椰菜花叶病毒35S（CaMV 35S）启动子和胭脂碱合成酶基因终止子的特点，本文建立了CaMV 35S启动子和Tnos终止子的定性PCR筛选检测方法。

Base on clarity of authenticate elements of electronic evidence, deep understanding of format sand contents of digital audio, digital audio forgery tools and methods, from the audio analysis of Verifier-Tuple theory, we research on three main aspects: audio waveform statistical characteristics, incidental background noise characteristics, audio additional information.

在对电子证据的鉴定要素明晰的基础上，对数字音频材料格式内容深入的理解的基础上，对数字音频篡改工具及篡改方法认识的基础上，从音频分析的校验原组理论出发，分别在音频的波形统计特征方面、音频附带背景噪声的特征方面、音频格式附加信息方法方面进行检测方法研究。

Methods A randomized cluster sampling was performed to obtain a representative sample of population in Xinjiang Hefeng pastoral area.Blood wag taken from 632 individuals aged 30 and older for measurements of total cholesterol,triglyceride,hish density lipoprotein cholesterolby automatic biochemieal analyzer.The serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterolwas calculated according to the formula.

采用整群随机抽样的方法选取新疆和丰县牧区年龄≥30岁的牧民632人为调查对象，其中哈萨克族325人，蒙古族307人；抽取空腹12 h静脉m 3ml，采用日立7600全自动生化分析仪测定血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度，并根据公式计算出LDL-C的浓度，对资料进行汇总，并采用t检验、方差分析或协方差分析的方法观察两民族间血浆LDL-C水平的差异，并进一步采用多元逐步同归分析的统计方法研究其影响因素。

On the base of reviewing the development of NSP models, some deficiencies of existent models are analysed and listed as follows: most models can be applied only to very small watershed; mechanism models involve too many parameters which can not be calibrated properly by limited data; amoung practical models, empirical models are much more common than mechanism models; most models are focus on the conservative soluble pollutants rather than non-conservative and particulate pollutants; almost all models rely highly on the measured data, and there are fewer studies about the load estimation for ungauged areas.

本文在评述非点源污染模型研究进展的基础上，分析了现有模型的不足，主要有：大多数模型只能适应于很小的流域面积；机理类模型参数过多，率定困难，应用效果不理想；实用模型中，经验类模型多，机理类模型少；对保守性的液态污染物研究得较多，对非保守性和固态污染物研究得较少；各类模型均高度依赖于实测资料，无资料地区的模型或预测方法研究得很少。

Rational unified process agglomerating the wisdom of all kinds of Software engineering methods is a focus.

Rational统一过程方法凝聚了各种软件工程方法的智慧，成为对软件工程方法研究和运用的焦点。

Research on Design Theories and Methods of Unseating Prevention Devices Based on the seismic standard of China, the design theories of unseating prevention devices were presented, according to the response spectrum of random loading and the fortify intensity at expansion joints, the design method was put forward. In the light of the use of unseating prevention devices at home and abroad, the choice and methods for installation of the devices are introduced and compared.

4连梁装置设计理论与方法研究考虑场地土的不同地震动参数和桥梁等级的不同，在论文中引入桥梁地震荷载重要系数，并根据冲击荷载的反应谱，提出连梁装置的设计地震力力和位移计算方法；参照国内外的连梁装置设计使用的现状，介绍了多种类型连梁装置的选用及安装方法；对连梁装置缓冲部分不同的构造进行了试验。

This paper points out that research orientation of chemical experiments mainly focuses on its simplification, improvement, innovation, miniature, green chemical experiments, and the self-making of common chemical reagent.

文章指明了化学实验研究方向主要是化学实验的简约化、实验的改进与创新、微型实验研究、绿色化学与实验的研究、实验常见试剂的自制方法研究。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。