文人

This research attempts the method with which we could make a study of the historical documents. Combining with the development of"the Intellectuals'Debated Politics by virtue of Private Journalism", I will take the Observer as the case and to detect its liberalistic connotation and to recover part of its realistic nature. This research is divided into the following four parts:(1) This part will introduce the known research results, the reason of chosing the case and the research method.

本文拟通过对《观察》的个案研究，运用历史文献研究法，结合近现代中国文人论政和自由主义发展的思想脉络，展现《观察》作为一份&高级&时政杂志在当时社会获得的巨大成功，揭示文人论政在那一个特殊时期的&自由主义&精神内核，并还原其本来的历史意义。

People could see some new features during this period such as images going with events.Part Three probes into the themes and philosophy in Historical Ode. The diversity of poets" ideologies has resulted in complicated themes and intricate philosophy in their works. Generally speaking, themes and philosophy among the poems were expressed in three forms: Chanting in the Wind, that is, the poets give voice to their ambitions and concerns among the words with optimistic attitudes; Bitter of Lofty Ideal Frustrated: poems of this kind usually take up pessimistic themes expressing poets" bitter suffering and their failed ambitions and among these poems signing for the misfortunes of some female has taken a large portion; Detached Stance toward Fame and Wealth: Secluding from the world and seeking political ambitions are two opposing elements in an antimony which have coined the peculiarity of ancient literati.

第三章：咏史诗的主题哲思诗人带着对历史的主观感悟进行咏史诗创作，使咏史诗的主题哲思呈现纷繁复杂的现象，汉魏六朝咏史诗的主题哲思主要有：长啸清风—英雄抱负的乐章：在传统儒学熏陶下形成的历史责任感和积极入世心态往往使文人将其对国家、民族的关怀和对自身建功立业的渴望流露在他们所寄托的文学作品中；世事迪遣—壮志难酬的苦闷：入世受阻后诗人往往从对英雄的追慕转向对不幸人物的同情，悲情主题是咏史诗中较多的一种，表现作者壮志难酬的苦闷和怀才不遇的伤感的形式是多样的，其中又以对不幸女性的吟咏居多，这主要是因为诗人和悲剧女性命运和情感上的类同使然；遗荣守真—无与外物的逸响：遗荣守真的隐逸思想和政治关怀的入世态度作为一组对立面共同构筑古代士人的理想情趣，&仕&与&隐&的抉择冲突作为文人生活中不断上演的主旋律，常常通过咏史诗体现出来。

If you think about how Chinese ink painters practice their works, smoothly, unrestrictedly, together with that of the Western painters, romantically, freely, yes, both Chinese and Western "nobles of sprit" share this same idea: The World Is Flat!

想想中国文人画也是很随意，很畅神，很自由，再想想西方西洋文人也是很浪漫，很潇洒，也很自由，中西那些精神贵族们其实统统理念一致，世界是平的！

I know," wrote Hitler,"that one is able to win people far more by the spoken than by the written word...." Later he adds contemptuously:"For let it be said to all knights of the pen and to all the political dandies, especially of today: the greatest changes in this world have never been brought about by a goose quill!

希特勒写道：&我知道，一个人通过演说能争取到的人比书面文字多得多……&以后他又傲慢地补充道：让我们告诉所有的文人和政客，特别是今日的文人和政客：世上最大的变革从来不是由鹅毛笔引起的！

On the other hand, since literary painting emphasize the value and use of"brush and ink"very much, it almost pushes away the use of the visual language of color, and results in the comparative weakness of color language in literary painting. This directly influences the development of traditional painting color language of Han and Tang Dynasties in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

另一方面，文人画艺术由于十分强调和重视笔墨语言的价值和作用，在画面中几乎挤掉了色彩的视觉语言性功能，而导致色彩在文人画艺术中的相对萎缩，这直接影响了汉唐时期传统绘画色彩语言在元明清的有效发展。

Therefore, the reason why Yoshino and Li Xiang Jun were praised by the men of culture was nothing else but the fact that they were famous courtesans and that they possessed both the "benevolence" and the "chivalry" which were the dream and ideal of the literati.

因此吉野与李香君之所以能被文人们歌颂及能成为名妓的原因，应该就是因为她们的「多情」与「侠气」正是文人们梦想与理想的关系吧。

Man-of-letters-Group in Wuzhong Mid-Ming is not a name that exited long time ago. It is named by today studiers. It is the Man-of-letters-Group in Wuzhong eluding Shen-Zhou, Zhu-Yunming , Wen-Zhengming and so on..

明中叶吴中文人集团并不是一个古已有之的名称，它是今人用来称呼明朝中叶以沈周、文征明等人为代表的吴中地区文人团体的。

We inherited the core of the traditional culture of thinking, it is necessary to look at our own words and deeds is a real gentleman scholar!!!

我们是否继承了传统文化中的核心思想，就要看当代的达官贵人，教育家、企业家、文人、商人的言行是否是一个真正的文人君子！！！

Imperial examination system and rightism policy is the primary reason why people in Song Dynasty value that literature disciple; the social ideological trend of paying attention to passing on the interconnected system in Song, to a great extent, influences scholars' extremely dominant ideas; Scholars' unprecedented increasing consciousness of team working also makes scholars being disciples a practical need of their individual life.

科举制度和右文政策是决定宋人看重文学师承的首要原因；宋世注重统序传承的社会思潮则在很大程度上影响了文人强烈的文统观念；宋代文人群体意识空前增强，师门内的群从生活成为他们个体生活方式的一种现实需要。

Talking about writing on the wall forms the angle of literature communication, how to operate the criticism on writing style of prefaces and postscripts among men of letters, how to reach the glorification of men of letters for one another, setting up the cultural meaning of literature reputation, and I also discuss how to promote the commercialization of Ci Collecti翠¤' publication because of the invention of printing.

以文学传播的角度探讨题壁、序跋等书写形式的批评在文人圈中如何进行运作，如何达到文人相互标榜与建构文学声誉的文化意义，并探讨印刷术的发明如何促进词集出版的商业化。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。