故障信号

So there need not only no failure but working in a stably good condition in the ignition system, the using condition and adjust of the use factors are the most important thing for the system performance. The paper analyses the characteristics of electronic ignition system, points out that determinant use factors are mainly the voltage of battery, the occupy-emptiness rate of the ignition signal, the clearance of spark plug, the resistance of high-voltage part, and the cam angle of spark advance.

本论文重点分析了电子点火系统故障特征，论证了决定电子点火系统性能的使用因素主要有电瓶电压、点火信号发生器发出电压信号的占空比、火花塞间隙、高压阻抗、点火提前角，这些因素在点火系使用过程中故障率占点火故障比例最大，故障出现的频率最高，而且有时常因维修调整不当导致点火系统性能变差。

In this study, a gear fault diagnosis method is investigated based on wavelet analysis and modified exponential distribution technique.

齿轮故障诊断的关键是从齿轮故障振动信号中提取故障特征，信号分析和处理是特征提取最常用的方法。

Integrating C-type of traveling wave location method with AC signal injection method, a compositive location method for single-phase earth fault in 35kV distribution network is proposed, in which firstly the fault is presumedly located by C-type of traveling wave location method to preliminarily determine the position where fault occurs; then the fault is accurately located by AC signal injection method.

基于C型行波法和交流信号注入法提出35 kV配电网单相接地故障的综合定位方法：首先采用C型行波法进行初步定位，确定故障距离和故障所在区段，然后用交流信号注入法进行精确定位。

The realization scheme of this project is also discussed in the paper, a data pick-up/control board using PCI bus protocol is designed, this board together with some softwares can finish many functions such as AD conversion of DC system generatrix and every DC spur track, sine wave generation which frequency is between 0-50Hz , and some control functions in fault analysis system.

本文还进行了故障检测装置实现方案的有关研究，设计了基于PC机的直流电网故障诊断系统，完成了基于计算机PCI总线的数据采集控制卡的设计，该卡配合计算机软件可以实现电网正负母线，各支路互感器输出等多路模拟量信号的采集，产生0-50Hz之间任意频率的低频信号源，并且能够完成故障检测中的各种控制功能。

At present,the analytic tools used for the power signals in microcomputer protection include FFT,Kalman filter and finitely shock response filter,etc.They are effective to analyze stationary signals but localizable for unstationary signals analysis.Especially it is difficult to identify nonlinear fault,e.g,the nonlinear high impedance short trouble is along-term unsolved problem of power system.

目前，用于微机保护中的电力信号分析工具有FFT、Kalman滤波器、有限冲激响应滤波器等，它们对于平稳信号的分析是高效的，但在分析非平稳信号中有其局限性；尤其对非线性故障识别困难，如探测高阻抗非线性短路故障便是电力系统一个长期没有很好解决的问题。

With fault signals of vibration tested in practice, this paper takes frequency-domain half-power bandwidth Gauss wavelets of continuity, index wavelets decomposition and equivalent bandwidth equivalent sampling discrete bi-orthogonal wavelets decomposition as basis, presents scaling correlated analysis correspondingly toward wave making vibration signals, and accurately realizes to decompose different stress wave speeds, and provides a method of analysis and calculation for accurated location and recognition of the polygenetic faults.

根据上述故障力学模型，我们提出并设计了相应的测试系统，对实测的故障振动信号，以频域半功率带宽连续高斯小波、指数小波分解和等带宽等采样离散双正交小波分解为基础，提出了相应的对波致振动信号的尺度相关分析，准确地实现了分离不同的应力波速，为多源故障的精确定位识别提供了分析和计算方法。

The Hilbert modulus is defined as the sum of the square of a signal and its conjugation.Hilbert modulus is used to covert the fundamental component in original phase current to direct current component,the fault characteristics frequency of bar break is transformed into the twice slip frequency.The problem is solved that fault characteristic component in the spectrum analysis of the current is easily to be blanketed by fundamental component and is hard to highlight fault characteristics.

将Hilbert模量定义为原始信号与其共轭信号的平方和，利用Hilbert模量将原相电流中的基波分量转变为直流分量，原频谱分析的转绕组断条的故障特征分量转变为频率为二倍转差频率的电流分量，决了相电流频谱分析方法中断条故障特征成分容易被基波湮没而难以突出故障特征的问题。

This paper simulates how the additional flutter signal impacts on oil pressure and actuator output when the dead zone is kept. The proper principle of flutter signal for jam diagnosis is given. Based on the given flutter signal, different jams caused by jam of the EH servo valve under different operating condition are simulated and the output of the oil pressure and actuator are presented. Meanwhile, waving threshold of the oil pressure for jam diagnosis is given. The simulations and analysis prove that the jam fault identification of the EH servo valve based on flutter signal is feasible.

在应用附加振颤信号防止和识别卡涩故障的前提下，确定了振颤信号的选取原则，并采用仿真的方法深入探讨了3种变工况条件下不同卡涩程度对电液转换器油压和油动机输出的影响，提出了油压阈值的卡涩判断标准，论证了基于振颤信号幅值与频率响应监测电液转换器卡涩故障诊断方法的可行性。

Two GFRF system model identify algorithms based respectively on Signal Flow Graph/Driving Point Impedance and EDA simulation are proposed. In order to solve the problem of fault diagnosis that the inner structure and parameters of the Object under Test cannot be able to determine, a new fault diagnosis method based on the phase space reconstruction and GFRF general formula is investigated. This method builds up a bridge between the chaos theory and Volterra series analysis, which does not strongly depend on the topological structure and the testing data length, is sensitive to the fault property, traces monotonously the change of system fault, and possesses some significant predominance compared with conventional fault diagnosis methods of analog circuits.

提出了基于信号流图/驱动点阻抗法的GFRF算法和基于EDA仿真和非线性频谱响应特性分析的系统模型辨识算法，为解决工程实践中不能确知被测对象内部结构和参数时的故障诊断问题，研究了基于相空间重构和GFRF简化算法的复杂电子系统故障诊断方法，该方法建立了混沌理论与Volterra级数分析法之间的桥梁，它对被测对象的拓扑结构依赖性不强，对被测系统的故障性质的敏感，可以单调地跟踪系统故障的变化，这种基于混沌特性分析的故障诊断方法与其它的模拟电路的故障诊断方法相比较具有显著的优势。

An intelligent fault detection and diagnosis method based on space vector is presented, fault diagnosis knowledge self-acquisition and self-tuning and symptom optimum algorithm are infered. 4、An early fault detection and diagnosis method based on ANN for process industry is presented, which has perfect self-learning and self-tuning ability and can establish diagnosis model automatically with the process of fault diagnosis in the absence of sufficient prior knowledge.

提出一种基于特征空间向量的智能故障诊断方法，推导了其故障诊断知识的自动获取算法和故障诊断的自适应算法以及征兆信号优化选取算法； 4、提出一种基于人工神经网络的生产过程早期故障检测与诊断方法，该故障诊断方法知识获取容易，具有良好的自学习和自适应能力，能够在故障先验知识不完备的情况下，通过与用户的交互，逐步自动建立起完善的故障模型知识。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。