故障信号

By analyzing, the fault transient component of third harmonic voltage at neutral is approximately equal to that at terminal. Choosing their sum and difference as the action and restrai nt signal respectively, the protection detects the ground fault by comparing the spectrum energy of action and restraint signals.

该保护方案根据单相接地故障后机端和中性点 3次谐波电压的故障暂态分量近似相同的特点，把两个故障分量的相量和与相量差分别作为保护动作信号及制动信号，通过比较数据窗内相应信号的谱能量检测定子单相接地故障。

Aiming at the signal processing problems that exist in online fault diagnosis for train running gear, based on discussing the principle of characteristic spectrum analysis, a method of full period and uniform angle sampling is applied, which transfers the vibration signal from time domain into angular domain. The angular domain signal is transferred into corresponding characteristic spectrum using FFT. Through spectrum estimation and analysis, fault characteristic spectrum values of running gear components are acquired to distinguish their faults.

在讨论特征分析方法原理的基础上，针对机车走行部故障在线监测过程中存在的信号分析与处理问题，运用整周期等角度采样方法将时域振动信号转换为角域信号，采用FFT变换将角域信号变换为对应的特征频谱，通过谱估计、谱图分析得到机车走行部各零部件的故障特征谱值，再根据该特征谱值识别机车走行部各零部件的故障。

Base on the in-depth analysis into the phase-to-ground fault mechanism and its features, the new concept is presented, which is to change the reference signal for analyzing and processing from the steady signal to the transient signal in a fault case A new principle of the fault feeder line selection with the synthetic logical criterion is presented creatively, which is based on the waveform recognition of the selected time-frequency window.

在深入分析单相接地故障的机理及故障特征的基础上，提出了从基于稳态信号原理转到基于故障暂态信号去分析和处理的新概念；创造性的提出了基于选线时频窗波形识别的综合性逻辑判据的故障选线新原理。

Computer simulation on a non=isothermal CSTR process monitoring problem demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.3 Optimal design of the incidence matrix for Structured Residual Approach with Maximized Sensitivity is discussed in this paper, in order to overcome the shortcoming of SRAMS that ignores the speed and sensitivity of fault diagnosis while considering the isolability of fault codes in the incidence matrix design.

通过非等温连续反应釜过程的故障检测与诊断的应用实例，说明了基于具有优化结构的FS KPCA信号重构传感器故障诊断方法的快速性和有效性。3针对一种基于结构化残差PCA的传感器故障诊断方法，即：基于具有最大敏感性结构化残差的传感器故障检测与诊断方法，在设计影响矩阵时只考虑故障编码的可分离性，而没有考虑故障诊断的快速性和灵敏性的缺点，提出了故障敏感度和故障诊断灵敏度等指标，并给出了两种影响矩阵结构的优化设计算法，从而提高传感器故障诊断的快速性和准确性。

And an on-line adaptative training algorithm of the weights of neuron is given, which enhances fusion precision of the model, fault tolerance and adaptive ability for subsystems 4 In order to diagnose the soft fault of integrated system, a new fault detection method is proposed based on federated filter, which can detect fault of system in short interval and greatly enhance the method sensitivity to fault A fault diagnosis method of Dynamically Tuned Gyro baesd on parameter estimation of kinetics model of rotor, and signal pretreatment, parameter estimation and strategy of fault identification are studied in detail The method can locate fault of DTG correctly and effectively, which provides a new approach and idea for gyro fault diagonsis 5 In order to diagnose the hard fault of integrated system, fault tree analysis is studied on fault disgnosis of integrated system circuits, and the hardware and software of disgnosis system are developed, with faults located to main module and circuit For futhur diagnosis, an optimal measurement technology in detection of circuits is discussed by improving an algorithm based on information theory, and a pratical method based on half-split method is proposed.

针对组合系统的软故障诊断问题，提出了基于联合滤波模型的一种新的故障检测算法，给出了算法的理论推导过程，该算法能在较短的时间内检测出系统故障，提高了算法对故障的敏感度；研究了基于动调陀螺转子动力学模型参数辨识的故障诊断方法，就其中的信号预处理、参数辨识及故障决策方法等关键技术进行了详细的研究，该方法可以正确、有效地检测与定位动调陀螺故障，为陀螺故障诊断提供了新的途径和思路。 5。针对组合系统的硬故障诊断问题，研究了基于系统浅知识推理的故障树法在组合系统电路子系统故障诊断中的应用，开发了相关诊断系统的软硬件，故障可定位到系统的主要功能模块和电路板级。为了进一步的故障定位，研究了电路板故障的最优检测问题，完善了基于信息理论的优化算法，并提出了基于&对分法&的一种实用的优化算法，故障可定位到电路板的主要功能元件级。在组建的SINS/GPS组合系统实验平台上，针对上述研究内容，进行了大量的实验研究。

The dissertation analysis different measurement on channel frequency,different vibration signals sets and different location to form each ICA result.With regard to the failure diagnosis of the turbine generator operation,the study has explored the possibilities to detect the failure diagnosis source from the measurement signals.It has also provided sufficient analysis case for the application of separation to detecting failure source on the turbine generator.2.Aiming at the engineering application of overcomplete bases ICA,the dissertation has raised virtual channel on the new method of ICA.It take advantage of some testified knowledge to the constitution of ICA known as, together with other measurement signal to proceed ICA separation,which can increase frequency on the input signal.

分析了以不同测量通道数量、不同振动信号类型组合和不同测点位置组成输入信号的ICA分离效果，并对机组在故障状态下，从测量信号中分离出故障源的可能性进行了探讨，为ICA在汽轮机振动故障源分离方面的应用提供丰富的分析实例。2针对超完备基ICA的工程应用问题，提出附加虚拟通道ICA的新方法，利用某些已经具有先验知识的独立分量构成附加输入信号，与其它测量信号组合在一起进行ICA分离，达到增加输入信号数量的目的。

Wavelet multi-resolution analysis is applied to decompose the signal into multiple-level and the wavelet coefficient modules of its high-frequency components are obtained. The wavelet coefficient modules of a broken signal can be extracted by software demising. The threshold of demising is decided by the difference between the wavelet coefficient modules of a broken signal and those of a noise. The wavelet coefficient modules of the broken signal were shown in different levels, then the faults can be detected and distinguished by the integrated features of the variant levels' wavelet coefficient modules.

利用小波多尺度分解技术，将信号进行多尺度的小波分解，得到不同尺度下的信号高频分量的小波系数模值，并根据奇变信号和噪声信号小波系数模值的差异，采用软阈值去噪法，对其高频分量小波系数进行去噪处理，获取不同尺度上突变信号的小波系数模值，实现对故障的检测，并可根据不同尺度上小波系数模值的对应关系，实现对多重并发故障的区分。

First,the maximum likelihood decoding theory is adopted to correct the aberrated alarm.Toovercome the drawbacks of traditional models based on Petri nets,a new diagnostic modelbased on the elementary net is built.Then correct alarms are fed into the new model tocarry out the diagnosis process.

首先采用最大似然译码原理对监测到的信号进行信息校正，然后针对现有Petri网故障诊断模型难以准确模拟实际故障清除过程的问题，建立了基于基本网理论的故障诊断模型，并利用编码基本网理论对无畸变的信号进行故障诊断。

Based on the work principle of the speed reducer ,the paper studies the produced mechanism of the vibration signal,the fault forms and the different type of vibration caused by the faults.

文章以减速机工作原理为基础，研究了减速机振动信号产生的机理、减速机故障的形式，以及由于故障的不同引起的不同形式的振动，从减速机外部振动信号中获取故障特征信息，有效地实现了减速机的故障诊断。

At the same time, pattern recognition has been used for abstracting characteristics、predicting the life and evaluating the properties of engine. This research contributes toward global diagnosis for the diesel engine in eight ways.(1) Put forward"the Arithmetic of distinguish the period automatically using auto-correlation method";(2) Separate the waves of continuous knocks using WV distribution;(3) Propose"the logarithmic spectrum approximate method"to analysis the response of the knock between the steel and steel;(4) Discuss the relationship between the time-frequency distribution and timescale distribution in detail, and give the principle of classification;(5) Use the wavelet method to analysis the pressure signal of exhaust、suction;(6) Use the shape of vibration signal to analyse the working situation of cylinder;(7) Use the pattern recognition to select the good samples and abstract the effective characteristics;(8) Develop the model of total properties evaluation and life prediction.

本文在广泛的、深入研究的基础上，应用多种信号处理手段来分析处理数据，同时利用模式识别方法对故障的特征提取、寿命预测以及性能评价作了探讨，本文进行了以下几项工作：（1）提出了基于自相关自动周期识别算法的柴油机振动信号预处理策略；（2）提出了基于WVD分布的连续撞击响应信号的分离策略；（3）提出了基于对数谱拟合方法的钢—钢撞击响应求解模型；（4）提出了基于波形分析的非正常燃烧振动信号的诊断模型；（5）提出了基于小波细节信息的进气压力信号和曲轴箱压力信号的诊断模型；（6）提出了基于小波近似的喷油正时信号中燃烧位置的自动定位；（7）提出了基于统计模式识别方法的故障诊断知识的自学习与自组织策略；（8）提出了基于特征压缩思想的柴油机总体性能评价及寿命预测模型。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。