政党

Aristotle, Nicomachean EthicsDespotism has so often been established in the name of liberty that experience should warn us to judge parties by their practices rather than their preachings.

专制制度经常是以追求自由的名义而建立起来的，这种经验警示我们：判断一个政党，不能仅凭这个政党宣称的原则，更多还应看其所作所为。

Electoral competition under the single nontransferable vote is used as an example in this research to show how to develop a model that includes both parties and factions.

本研究以单记非让渡投票制下的政党竞争为例来讨论如何建立同时考量政党与派系竞争的理论模型。

Partyism is the essential component of the modern demoncratic politics.which partyism a country adopted depends on its national conditions, nature and social development.

政党制度是现代民主政治的重要组成部分。一个国家实行什么样的政党制度，由该国国情、国家性质和社会发展状况所决定。

At present, the Chinese newspapers are still the mouthpiece of the political party, controlled by the political party and is not an independent Institution. At the same time,the Chinese newspapers depend on advertising and emission income, so get the influence of the advertisers. So the identity of the Chinese readers is both the objects of propagand and consumers. The Idea of Public Journalism let us be aware that we should look on the readers as citizens and the newspapers should become the public sphere to communicate the citizens' information and opinion.

目前中国的报纸仍是政党的喉舌，受到政党的控制，不是独立的机构，同时作为&事业单位、企业化经营&的中国报业依靠广告和发行收入，在逐渐市场化，所以中国报纸的读者的身份是被宣传对象和消费者，公共新闻业的理念让我们意识到我们应该把读者看作是公民，报纸应该成为公民交流信息和意见的公共领域，成为公众的公器。

For virtually every definition of a party produced by political scientists it is possible to find some institutions that are recognizably parties that do not conform with the definition in some significant way.

找到一些可以认为是政党但并不符合在一些重要的方面公认是政党的机构是可能的。

The first part of the paper introduces the configuration of Taiwan's new party system and points out that electoral competition has given rise to a moderate multiparty system, with supporters of major parties exhibiting distinct sociopolitical characteristics.

本文第一节介绍台湾政党体系的构造，指出一个温和的多党制已经在选举中形成，而主要政党的支持者各自具有不同的政治社会属性。

However, Our political party system has to be developed and reformed, especially the exploring and managing to its implementing form(including ministerial party's, suffragial party's and the implementing form of mutual supervising),with the development in our economical and political circumstances.

然而，随着我国经济、政治大环境的发展变化，我们不得不在实践中不断地发展和完善我国的政党体制，在这个过程中对政党制度的实现形式（包括执政党领导的实现形式、民主党派参政的实现形式、互相监督的实现形式）的探索和运用显得格外紧迫和重要。

However, Our politicalparty system has to be developed and reformed, especially the exploring andmanaging to its implementing form(including ministerial party 's, suffragial party'sand the implementing form of mutual supervising),with the development in oureconomical and political circumstances.

然而，随着我国经济、政治大环境的发展变化，我们不得不在实践中不断地发展和完善我国的政党体制，在这个过程中对政党制度的实现形式（包括执政党领导的实现形式、民主党派参政的实现形式、互相监督的实现形式）的探索和运用显得格外紧迫和重要。

There has grown up in Tibet a pro-Chinese party, traditionally headed by the PANCHEN LAMA, which relies on Chinese aid to make head against the claim of the DALAI LAMA to be supreme ruler of the country; this party is powerful when the central Government of China is strong, but its leaders go into exile when the DALAI LAMA and his supporters throw off Chinese influence.

在西藏一个亲中的政党已得到发展，一直由班禅喇嘛领导，他依靠中国的资助回击自称西藏最高领导人的达赖喇嘛。当中国政府强大的时候班禅喇嘛的政党就强大，不过当领导人逃亡时达赖喇嘛及其支持者摆脱了中国的影响。

This debunks the belief that a political leader needs to be well-known in order for a party to grow.

这也使那些认为政党领导人必须出名才能使政党发扬光大的错误想法不攻自破。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。