收缩效应

The relationship between stress and strain of concrete in prestressed concrete bridge s is written as algebraic form within load duration and the equilibrium equations of internal force and compatibility conditions are introduced.

首先将预应力混凝土桥梁中考虑收缩、徐变影响的任意时刻混凝土应力、应变关系在持荷时段内写成代数形式，引入内力平衡方程及变形协调条件后，提出了计入截面上钢筋位置、配筋率、预应力钢筋松弛、混凝土弹性模量随时间变化等影响的徐变效应分析的全量形式自动递进法，并建立了计算式，适用于任何形式的收缩、徐变特性表达式；基于建立的全量形式公式，可方便地求解任意时刻混凝土、钢筋的应力与应变和梁体竖向变形。

Simulation results also show that saddle-shaped distributed AMF can more effectively inhibit constriction of vacuum arc.

对于小电流扩散态真空电弧，重点仿真分析不同电弧电流与不同纵向磁场对其关键特性的影响，部分仿真结果进行了实验验证；对离子处于超音速流动的收缩态真空电弧的仿真表明，真空电弧的磁收缩主要是由于霍尔效应引起的，离子温度和电子温度沿轴向先增大后减小，马鞍形分布的纵向磁场能够更有效地抑制真空电弧的收缩，而且阴极斑点分布对真空电弧特性也有着显著的影响；对离子处于亚音速流动状态的大电流真空电弧的仿真表明，部分等离子体不能到达阳极而损失，马鞍形分布的纵向磁场能够更有效地抑制电弧等离子体的损失，同时能使阳极电流密度和能流密度的分布更加均匀。

Regional tardokinesis was identifiedin 48 of 150 segments: 27 segments had a normal magnitude ofwall motion, 18 were hypokinetic, and 3 were severely hypokinetic/akinetic.

轻度运动减退表明延迟收缩运动，而剩下的严重运动减退/运动不能则发生在收缩早期，反应了邻近心肌收缩的被动效应。

There are four kind of isoforms of endothelin in human and other mammals named ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and ET-β, which are slightly different in construction and pharmacological effect. In human beings, ET-1 is the dominative subtypes. ET-1 remains in blood at a low level about 5ng per liter on physical state. It is synthesized, stored, released and metabolized locally. The half-life of ET-1 is about 1 hour. ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictive factor till now, and it is more functional in vein than in artery. In vascular bed, there are two kind of ET receptors. Type A mainly located in smooth muscle cells, whereas type B in endothelial cells. The latter can stimulate intimal hyperplasia via a parasecretion way and activate some oncogenes such as c-fos and c-myc and then enhance their expression. These alterations result in constriction of blood vessels, thus the SMC steps into proliferate state from silent state.

人及哺乳动物体内有四种结构及药理学性质略有差异的异物体，分别为ET-1、ET-2、ET-3、ET-β，而在人主要是ET-1，在生理条件下，ET-1在血浆中含量较低，约为5ng〓，故ET-1不是一个循环激素，而是局部合成释放，局部起作用的活性物质，半衰期约1小时，ET-1是目前已知的最强的血管收缩剂，对静脉的作用比动脉强，在血管床，ET受体有A、B两型，A型主要分布在平滑肌细胞，B型主要分布在内皮细胞，它可以通过旁分泌途径刺激内膜增生，具有有丝分裂原效应，可以激活某些癌基因如C-fos、C-myc使其表达增强引起血管收缩，使静止期SMC进入增殖期，还可以通过信号传导途径，与bFGF、GTF-β、PDGF等生长因子协同作用，起共有丝分裂原作用。

Based on the pyrocondensation model and principles of elasticity, the layer structure design of thin films was proposed in view of the control of residual thermal stress and the corresponding evaluation function was applied to the layer structure design of films.

基于热收缩效应模型和弹性力学原理，从薄膜膜系着手提出了控制薄膜残余热应力的膜系设计原则，将该原则的评价函数用于薄膜膜系设计中，采用优化方法可以设计出残余热应力可接受的薄膜。

Classically, Ang Ⅱ is well known to cause potent increases in systemic and local blood pressure via its vasoconstrictive effect, to influence renal tubules to retain sodium and water, and to stimulate aldosterone release from the adrenal gland.

众所周知，Ang Ⅱ通过它的血管收缩效应导致系统和局部的血压增高并影响肾小管的钠水潴留以及刺激肾上腺的醛固酮释放。

Therefore general rutin-Cd can cause decrease of blood pressure and cause relaxation of aortic muscle precontracted by NA.

芦丁金属配合物具有降低血压和抑制NA引起的血管收缩效应。

Intracerebral ventricular injection of M receptor blocker,Atropine(10 μ L 1× 10－ 7 mol/L), failed to block the gastric contraction effect of cerebral SP.

侧脑室注射 M 受体阻断剂阿托品 10 μ L(1× 10- 7 mol/L)，不能阻断脑内 P物质对胃的收缩效应。

In many reasons of causing cracks, only a few studies are reported about the influence of concrete shrinkage and creep on cracks for its computational complexity. If any, most calculations are only based on the two-dimensioned finite element model. So it's significant that how to analyze the spatial effect of concrete shrinkage and creep by utilizing large software.

在众多的开裂原因中，混凝土收缩徐变的影响，由于计算的复杂性，这方面的研究报道很少，而且大部分的计算也只是基于二维杆系有限元模型，因而如何利用大型软件进行考虑混凝土收缩徐变的空间效应分析，十分有意义。

The high current pulse must be of sufficient magnitude and duration to cause at least one small drop of molten metal to form and be propelled by the pinch effect from the end of the wire to the weld puddle.

高电流脉冲必须具有足够的幅值和持续时间，造成至少一个小熔滴形成和由于收缩效应从焊丝端部被推进到焊接熔池。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。