推理方法

In order to overcome the technological difficulties encountered in the course of insulation fault diagnosis on the base of dissolved gases analysis, several kinds of mathematic models and actualized methods are brought forward to improve the reliability and veracity of fault diagnosis of transformers. The research works are shown mainly as followings:1 A modified fuzzy multi-criteria method is brought forward for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer. Furthermore, a new method for insulation fault diagnosis is proposed on the base of fuzzy multi-criteria together with rule reasoning. With fuzzy diagnosis in the method, fault reasons are filtrated and then the reasons in low probability are prohibited, Moreover, the left reasons are testified by using rule reasoning and then final concludes are drawn in much less misjudge probability and better results.2 On the base of geometry characteristics of C- partition to sample set of DGA data of transformer, a method is put forward to compute effective radius of neighbor field of a sample, number of clusters and values of initial centers. Moreover, the fuzzy C- means cluster model with adaptive weight is brought forward in the first time and then the fault classifier is designed for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer.3 According to the weakness of the degree of gray of gray incidence, a new formula to compute DGI is put forward and then incidence order criterion is ascertained. Moreover, a new DGI model for fault diagnosis is proposed according to the further analysis to relationship between fault reason and content of oil dissolved gases of transformer.

为解决在应用油中溶解气体分析方法（Dissolved Gases Analysis，简称DGA）诊断变压器内部绝缘故障时所遇到的主要技术难题，论文提出了用于提高变压器故障诊断准确性和可靠性的数学模型及实现方法，主要研究工作如下：1）提出了一种改进的变压器绝缘故障诊断模糊综合评判方法；进一步提出了将模糊综合诊断与规则推理相结合进行绝缘故障诊断的方法，该方法采用模糊推理对故障原因进行"过滤"，滤掉可能性极小的原因，然后进一步利用规则推理验证剩下的可能原因，得出最终结论，大大减少了误判比率，获得了较好的效果。2）根据以变压器DGA数据为特征量的样本空间的c-划分几何特性出发，提出了一种求取样本有效邻域半径和聚类数及聚类中心初值的方法，在此基础上，首次提出了一种自适应加权的变压器绝缘故障诊断的模糊c-均值聚类模型，并设计出故障分类器。3）针对常用灰色关联度的不足，提出了一新的灰色关联度计算公式及确定关联序的准则；并在此基础上，通过深入分析变压器发生绝缘故障时的原因与油中溶解特征气体含量的关系，建立了一种新的故障诊断灰色关联模型；通过实例分析证明，该方法能有效地诊断出变压器绝缘故障及故障部位，大大提高了诊断的准确性。

A new knowledge acquirement way is presented based on the reliability data of product, then the fuzzy semantic net which consists of FEPM and fuzzy fault tree is regard as fault knowledge representation. The formalization of the fuzzy semantic net is described, and the relative concepts and relations are summarized. A stereo-knowledge representation which consisted of FFTF, rule and fuzzy neural network which make up of the shallow knowledge of the product is presented. The integrated fault diagnosis method based on the stereo-knowledge representation is suggested. The method is as follows. The fuzzy search inference is carried out on FFTF firstly. If the node being diagnosing can be decided if it failed or not in the fuzzy search inference, the rule inference to the node is carried out with the rules which being in symptom-fault way. An equivalent method, pattern recognization inference using fuzzy neural network, can fulfill the same work.

提出了以FFTF模糊语义网络为主、基于浅知识的产生式规则、模糊神经网络为辅的产品故障知识的立体知识表示方式，并提出了基于该多种知识表示的综合性故障诊断方法，即：首先对故障产品进行基于FFTF模糊语义网络的模糊搜索推理，如果在模糊搜索推理过程中不能确定当前诊断节点故障与否，则对当前诊断节点进行基于征兆-故障形式的验证式规则推理或者对包含该诊断节点的部件／子系统进行基于模糊神经网络的模式识别推理，如果在完成或者不再进行基于模糊语义网络的故障推理，仍然不能诊断出故障节点，则对基于模糊语义网络诊断过程中形成的故障诊断子图进行神经网络推理。

For a long time, Lacking the need and promotion of reality, jurists have not paid enough attention to legal reasoning and the research of legal reasoning of our county has not been on the essence and features of legal reasoning out of requirement of legal reasoning in judicial practice, but from the point of view of general rule and method of inference of logic.

长期以来，由于缺乏现实的需要和推动，法学家缺乏对法律推理予以充分的关注，我国关于法律推理的研究不是从司法实践对法律推理的要求出发研究法律推理的本质和特征，而更多的是从逻辑学关于推理的一般规律和方法的角度进行研究，不可避免的使法律推理理论逻辑色彩浓厚而法学色彩不足，不能真正把握法律推理的本质和特点。

Accordingly we start from the definition of heterosisH=F1-MP,where H is heterosis, F1 is the first generation offspring, MP is the mean of the parents or midparent, and from the use of a binomial random variable and its extention to the multinomial case derive the basic relations of heterosis with its components.

另一在原文中未加说明的原因是，用配合力概念需要无穷多个品系才能和遗传力的结果相比较，仅此一点就把配合力的作用排斥掉了。文中的主题是杂种优势老大难题可以用笛卡尔的推理方法来解决。

Subsequently, in order to solve a fatal problem of surprising amount of calculating and storge of presental fuzzy inference algorithm when used to solve multi-compliacted rules, we propose the decompositional method of complicated rules and solving method of resoning result after the rules are decomposed, so that a simple algorithm of fuzzy inference on-line can be obtained and the amount of calculating and storge can largely decreased.

针对现有的模糊推理算法用于多重复杂蕴涵规则时计算量及要求的存贮量太大这一应用中致命的问题，我们提出了复杂规则的分解方法，推导了规则分解后推理结果的求取方法，在此基础上提出了模糊推理的简便算法，使得在线实现模糊推理的计算量及要求的存贮量减少若干个数量级。

In this system,the structure of the case is programming-model-oriented.The case is divided into the main feature and two subcases:schedule subcase and cost subcase.

系统开发采用了范例推理方法，其范例面向规划模型，由主特征、设备子范例和费用子范例构成，范例库中的基本范例代表了典型情况下的设备配置和费用约束。

Interplays of directional and topological relations between spatial objects are analyzed, and qualitative spatial reasoning method of combining directional and topological relations to representation of spatial arrange are proposed.

对空间方位关系模型进行了综述，分析了方位与拓扑关系的相互作用关系，给出了方位与拓扑关系相结合表示空间排列的定性空间推理方法。

Based on the production of other researchers such as professor Xu Yang and professor Qin Keyun, this paper discusses the structure and properties of lattice implication algebra, tautologies in some lattice-valued systems, automated reasoning methods, lattice-valued propositional logic system.

本文的工作是在徐扬教授、秦克云教授等研究成果的基础上，对格蕴涵代数的性质、结构、格值命题逻辑系统中的重言式、自动推理方法、格值命题逻辑系统等进行了一些研究。

In this paper, through analyzing the basic structure of the straight tank bulk cement vehicle and extracting the main structure parameters of the tank, the parameterized model was builded with top-down assembly modeling approach in UG.

将基于知识工程运用到散装水泥车的设计过程中，利用现存的水泥车结构参数、性能参数和推理方法等建立知识库。

Based on the ER synthesizing results, the models for QP assessment and diagnosis based on input/output are set up.

4在利用证据推理方法对质量绩效评价合成的基础上，建立了基于输入输出的质量绩效评价诊断模型。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。