推理上的

The most such sciences can do is to help us to catch ourselves up and check ourselves, if we start to reason or to behave wrongly; and to criticize ourselves more articulately after we have made mistakes.

这些科学能够做的最多是当我们开始推理错误或者行为错误时帮助我们追上自己，检查自己，当我们犯错时，能够让我们更明白地批评自己。

On the base of applied tech. and system structure, the key tech. are expressed in detail. It includes:Knowledge representation technology: it is described in two stages by "Depictive frame + Rule group"."Depictive frame" is used to reflect the factors concerning question field."Rule group" reflects the son-question in question field; knowledge management system: it is made up of knowledge-base editing component, factor classifying component, knowledge inspecting component and extractive knowledge component; uncertainty reasoning adopt method of elicitation search strategy and data drive controlled by member knowledge. It take reliability of compound proof at first. That can resolve the matching contradiction. Reasoning explanation introduce pre-text and followed method of resolving path. Knowledge discovery component take SLIQ as basic arithmetic. It provides classification model in two stage forms which aim at training suit. That is decision tree and productive rule.

在确定应用技术与系统结构的基础上，重点阐述了本文的核心技术，这包括：知识表示技术，采用"描述框架+规则组"的层次结构，"描述框架"用于描述问题域所涉及的因素，"规则组"反映问题域内的子问题；知识管理系统，由知识库编辑构件、因素分类构件、知识检测构件和知识求精构件组成；不确定性推理机采用启发式搜索策略，元知识控制的数据驱动，以复合证据可信度优先作为匹配冲突消解的策略，推理解释采用预置文本与求解路径追踪的方法；知识发现，采用SLIQ快速可伸缩算法，分类模型用判定树与产生式规则两种形式描述。

On the basis of total analysis and summarization on basic knowledge, principle and expert experience of injection mould feed system as well as further research on the computer-aided design of injection mould feed system, according to the geometrical model of the plastic, applying technologies including feature-based modeling and identifying, RBR, CBR, oriented-object and database technology VC++ 6.0, SQL Server 2000, Object ARX, the paper conceives general structure and primary function module of the intelligent design of injection mould feed system, develops user-systemic interface, constructs knowledge rule library and case library of injection mould feed system, researches denotative method of knowledge rule library and case library, designs the ratiocinative mechanism of intelligent system design, and realize the intelligent design of injection mould feed system partly.

本文在对注塑模具浇注系统设计的基本知识与原则及专家经验全面分析总结，以及对计算机辅助浇注系统设计方法深入研究的基础上，以塑件几何模型为依据，应用基于特征的建模与识别技术、RBR和CBR推理技术、面向对象和数据库技术，以及VC++6.0、SOL Server 2000和Object ARX二次开发工具，在AutoCAD 2002平台上，构建了注塑模具浇注系统智能化设计系统的总体结构及主要功能模块，开发了系统的用户界面，建立了浇注系统设计的知识与规则库和事例库，研究了设计知识与规则和事例的表示方法，设计了智能化设计系统的推理机制，部分实现了注塑模具浇注系统的智能化设计。

Defining the problem. Firstly, two important concepts------judicialreasoning and the explanation of law ------are introduced. After that,law-applying process is examined by way of syllogistic argument. Hence, the work of this paper is determined: to analyze the law-applying process on 3 phrases cognizanting of the facts, interpreting of law and making judicial judgment; to define the mission of Logic concerning the difficulties of AI in Law System, and therefore to introduce my understanding of the main task of logic in 21st Century: problematic reasoning.

首先解释了本文所使用的两个重要概念：法律推理和法律解释，而后以三段论的方式考察了法律适用的过程，最后说明本文所要作的工作：在事实认定，法律解释，司法判决三个阶段上以逻辑的手段分析法律适用是如何进行的；逻辑和法律的新的契合点——人工智能法律系统所面临的困境给逻辑学规定了什么样的任务，并由此提出我所理解的逻辑学在21世纪的研究重点：或然性推理。

Throught adaptive algorithm of network, the system constantly revise right values distribute so as to meet goal. Distribute the heuristic knowledge and the experience knowledge to network interconnection and right value.?The reasoning machine carries on reasoning according to the knowledge that involve in knowledge base and fact that users offer.?Through front computation of nerve network, the output port obtains the output vector.?The explanation module of ES is explained to user.At last, this paper has realized grab hydraulic system based on ANNES intelligent diagnosis, it has proven this fault diagnosis method feasibility.

ANNES的工作过程是：①首先建立知识库；②学习系统获取知识时，它只要求专家提供范例及相应的解，通过神经网络学习算法对样本进行学习，经过网络内部自适应算法不断修改权值分布以达到要求，把专家求解实际问题的启发式知识和经验分布到网络的互连及权值分布上；③推理机根据知识库中的知识和用户提供的事实进行推理；④通过神经网络的前向计算，在输出端获得输出矢量：⑤经专家系

On the base of applied tech. and system structure, the key tech. are expressed in detail. It includes:Knowledge representation technology: it is described in two stages by "Depictive frame + Rule group"."Depictive frame" is used to reflect the factors concerning question field."Rule group" reflects the son-question in question field; knowledge management system: it is made up of knowledge-base editing component, factor classifying component, knowledge inspecting component and extractive knowledge component; uncertainty reasoning adopt method of elicitation search strategy and data drive controlled by member knowledge. It take reliability of compound proof at first. That can resolve the matching contradiction. Reasoning explanation introduce pre-text and followed method of resolving path. Knowledge discovery component take SLIQ as basic arithmetic. It provides classification model in two stage forms which aim at training suit. That is decision tree and productive rule.

在确定应用技术与系统结构的基础上，重点阐述了本文的核心技术，这包括：知识表示技术，采用&描述框架+规则组&的层次结构，&描述框架&用于描述问题域所涉及的因素，&规则组&反映问题域内的子问题；知识管理系统，由知识库编辑构件、因素分类构件、知识检测构件和知识求精构件组成；不确定性推理机采用启发式搜索策略，元知识控制的数据驱动，以复合证据可信度优先作为匹配冲突消解的策略，推理解释采用预置文本与求解路径追踪的方法；知识发现，采用SLIQ快速可伸缩算法，分类模型用判定树与产生式规则两种形式描述。

Situated education which was founded by Li Jilin has evolved four characteristics of real form,deep affection,being conceived and implying truth inside,hackling four principles of implicational inducement,emotional drive,role transformation,psychological field integration and five elements to improve overall teaching quality and optimize educational circumstances,summarizing five realms of curriculum which are related and influential to student,knowledge and society.

李吉林创立的情境教育在理论建构上形成了&形真&、&情切&、&意远&、&理寓其中&等四个特点，梳理出了暗示诱导、情感驱动、角色转移、心理场整合等四大原理以及以全面提高教学质量、优化教育情境为目标的&五个要素&，概括了学生、知识、社会相互关联彼此影响的&五大课程领域&。在实践操作上，将情境分为实体、模拟、语表、想象及推理等&五大情境&。

In the conditional reasoning of pragmatic material, the achievement of promise and threatening themes is higher than that of tips and warning. the subject\'s achievement under high control situation are better than under low control one, but its reasoning accurateness decreases with their age, furthermore, the accurateness of the four inferent types of pragmatic material is generally lower than those of abstract and concrete ones.

三个年级的实用材料条件推理中承诺和威胁主题的成绩都要高于提示和警告主题，基本上高控制力情境下各年级被试的推理成绩都要好于低控制力情境，但其推论正确率基本上随年龄的增长而下降，且整体上实用材料四种推论的正确率均显著低于抽象和具体材料。

This is the reasoning chain of Russian intellectuals\' strange behavior.

这是俄国知识分子行为古怪的推理链条，它在逻辑上缺乏根据，在心理上却是紧紧衔接的。

Based on it, a practical model applied for the fault diagnosis of power transformer is constructed.

介绍了一种在覆盖集理论框架上集成模糊推理的诊断方法，在此基础上建立了应用于电力变压器故障诊断的实用模型。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。