控制部件

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

A model of integer linear programming for optimum control computer instructions is generated in this paper. And a simplex method is applied because of the linear constraint conditions and the target functions, and the algorithm is accomplished with C language.

问题的重述在计算机控制的过程中，一条计算机指令往往可以控制几个计算机部件，反过来，一个计算机部件一般也由几条计算机指令控制。

According to the request of adopting advanced technology, the main designing has such contents as below:⑴ Designing the two-fluid nozzle that is based on the theory of air-atomize spraying.⑵ Designing and choosing the type of the axial fan that is used to supply assisted airflow to waft droplets that comes from nozzle.⑶ Designing the swaying outfit that can rotate the spray assembly at a speed and inside a angle in order to satisfy the spray request of different crops, different planting states and improve the uniformity of distribution, the deposition of droplet. Here, we select TYV type reduction gear motor to adjust the swaying speed and use course switch to adjust the swaying angle.⑷ Designing the lift outfit that can adjust the height of the spray assembly to satisfy the request of the crops of different tallness, different spraying range. Here, we select cylinder as the main component that can be used as kickstand and controlled easily.⑸ Designing the switch of the power supply that is put out of the greenhouse in order to prevent worker from poisoning. After the mist sprayer being made, the experiment is made to test the function of the greenhouse mist sprayer fully.

根据采用先进施药技术的要求，本研究的设计内容主要有：⑴采用气液两相流喷雾技术，基于气力雾化原理，设计双流体喷头；⑵采用辅助气流输送雾滴，气流源为风机，对风机进行设计、选型；⑶为满足不同作物、不同栽培情况及提高雾滴分布均匀性、沉积性的施药要求，设计能带动喷射部件在一定角度内、以一定转速的旋转摇摆机构，本研究选用调速电机调节其摇摆速度，并利用反向行程开关调节其摇摆角度；⑷为满足不同高度作物、不同射程的施药要求，设计能调节喷射部件高度的升降机构，这里选用气缸为主要构件，既可以起到整机支架的作用，又可方便进行升降、固定控制；⑸设计行程开关的控制电路以及整机的控制系统。

Because there are many types of components, it selects components appropriately based on the demand of products. This system is made up of the mode of coating paper with rollers, drive system composed of steel net supported and three drivers, dryness system composed of oven with air floated and drying um with electric tubes, synchronous control system with the positions of strain rollers. And it developed an appropriate software of control system. This system achieves demands of operation, stabilization, continuity and high efficiency.

由于涂布系统中各部件存在多种类型，根据生产产品的品质要求对涂布系统各部件进行了选型，最终选择了门辊涂布方式，采用钢网支撑，三电机控制的传动形式，结合气浮式烘箱以及电热管加热的烘缸组成的干燥系统，张力辊位置为控制对象的同步控制系统，同时设计了一套相应的软件控制系统，以实现连续稳定高效的生产要求。

Combined system simulation with optimal control, selected a typical water cooled primary/secondary chilled water system, used the research achievements of Annex 30 in IEA for the reference, this work firstly presents both the basic component models and the control system component models. Secondly gives the main models for parameter identification and experiment validation. Finally a dynamic digital simulator is set up using TRNSYS as the platform to substitute a real system to test and evaluate some kinds of online optimal supervisory control strategies after giving some essential data file input and finishing all the PID controllers'tuning.

本文将空调系统的仿真模拟与优化控制相结合，首先选择比较典型的水冷式二级泵集中空调系统，在国际能源组织IEA第30子课题Annex 30多年研究成果的基础上，建立了系统各设备的部件模型和控制系统部件模型，对主要模型参数的辨识方法进行分析，同时对其准确性给予验证；在此基础上，建立了以TRNSYS为仿真平台的集中空调水系统数字仿真器；通过必备数据文件的输入和对所有下位机控制回路PID参数的调试，最终完成可用于评估各种上位机优化控制方案的空调水系统数字仿真器。

The high tech development, the new component emerges one after another incessantly, take monolithic integrated circuit as core control portion application most widespread, the technology is maturest, in the general application situation, it definitely can satisfy the system the need.

高科技的发展，新的器件层出不穷，其中以单片机为核心控制部件的应用最为广泛，技术最为成熟，在一般的应用场合中，它完全能够满足系统的需要。

We designed a simple and practical filling winders enable the heavy and thick lead thread meet the demand of weaving and avoid the damage of the surface of lead thread.

同时针对在1511M型织机的织造机构和原理的基础上设计的铅布织机在织造过程中易出现边经纱擦伤严重以致边经纱断头的现象，设计一种适合该机的布边控制部件。

Program is powerful medium for the identification and testings of practically any components of personal computer under control of operating systems family Windows.

纲领是强大的鉴定和测试中，几乎任何个人电脑控制部件操作家族视窗系统。

Intelligent protection equipment is the central control unit of high switch.

智能型保护装置是高压开关的中枢控制部件。

Control the components of pack is conducted through the united interface AVG control center.

控制部件是通过联合接口折475指挥中心。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。