损伤

Five cases of the total arecholecystolithiasis,three cases are gallbladder polypus,one case is acute c...

结论医源性胆管损伤在基层医院的发生率较高，避免医源性胆管损伤的发生，关键在于预防，如果发生胆管损伤，要早期发现、尽早治疗，对于损伤严重的损伤胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合是有效和安全的。

Nano-Fe_3O_4 can induce DNA single-strand breaks without significancy and can not induce micronuclei formation and percentage of apoptosis. Nano-Fe_3O_4 can aggravate the effect of CdCl2 on DNA single-strand breaks and chromosome damage in HepG2 cells. They showed synergistic effects on DNA single-strand breaks after the data were statistic analyzed.

结果发现CdCl2能引起DNA断裂损伤、微核率的增加和细胞凋亡率的增加；nano-Fe_3O_4能引起DNA断裂损伤增加，但无显著意义，未引起微核率和细胞凋亡率的增加；nano-Fe_3O_4能加重CdCl2的对细胞DNA断裂损伤和染色体损伤，且二者联合作用对DNA断裂损伤的结果经统计分析认为有协同作用。

According to the concept of strain energy of cracked materials, the orientation tensor of crack was defined. Considering the crack-closing and friction between crack surface under compression, The damage tensor, damage strain and effective elastic modulus were formulated. A method for discrete description of damage mechanism was given, and the evolution equation of discrete orientation density of crack was obtained. The relationship of micromechanism and the macro-representation of concrete failure were studied.

从含裂纹材料的变形能出发，引出了裂纹的方位张量；在考虑裂纹受压闭合与滑动摩擦的基础上，给出了损伤张量、损伤应变和有效弹性系数的表达式，在损伤机构离散化方法的基础上，给出了方位密度的演化方程；将上述损伤理论应用于混凝土的损伤分析，研究了混凝土破坏的微观机制与宏观表现的关系及Griffith准则和Mohr-Coulomb准则的相似性问题，对修正的Griffith准则进行了改进。

By perceiving the facts that average damages do not change the loading paths of a structure and that local damages will not increase component stiffness, the author presents the damage identification algorithms termed as Iterative Matrix Optimal updating and Constrained Submatrix Factor Adjustment .

根据一般损伤不引起荷载路径改变、局部损伤不会导致单元刚度增加等损伤问题的特点，提出损伤识别的"矩阵迭代优化修正法"和"带约束的子矩阵系数修正法"；并将子矩阵系数修正法推广为联合运用动力与静力测量值的损伤识别算法。

paraquat is one kind of weedicide that comprehensive used all over the world ,for its little pollute to the environ accept a generally welcome .but the poisoning of paraquat have become a more and more severe problem,especially in developing county.the paraquat have a hypso-toxicity to human ,its mortality is 85%~95%.it show a multisystem injury to human body but the most serious injury of the paraqat to the viscera is lung .the mechanism of damnification is the great deal of super-oxygen ion procreant by paraquat in lung .at present the best technique to the diagonose of the paraquat poisoning to lung injury is ct.

百草枯是目前全世界范围内应用最广泛的除草剂，以其对环境的低污染性而受到广泛欢迎，但是百草枯中毒也随之成为一个越来越严重的题目，尤其是在发展中国家。百草枯对人体呈高毒性，死亡率约为85%~95%。百草枯中毒表现为多系统损伤，但是对人体脏器最主要的损伤是肺损伤，损伤机制主要为百草枯在肺组织内产生的大量超氧离子。目前对百草枯中毒致肺损伤的诊断最佳的方式是CT。

What\'s more, different intervals of UV have their own characters in influencing DNA: the damage to some bases by UVA may be more serious than that by UVB, and UVB did more severe damage to some deoxyribose than UVA; however, as far as the pyrimidine bases are concerned, the damage by UVB is by far more serious than that by UVA. These results may indicate that there are preferential damaging sites on DNA molecules caused by UVA and UVB irradiation. Moreover, with UVA or UVB irradiation for a long time, the photoreactivation of DNA occurred. The serious damage to deoxyribose and bases by UVB and UVC may confirm the conformation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and (6-4) photoproducts.

而不同波段紫外辐射对DNA的损伤各具特点并且差异明显，UVA对一些碱基的损伤比UVB要严重，而UVB在对脱氧核糖和磷酸盐的损伤上又比UVA要严厉，但就嘧啶碱基来说，UVB对它的损伤远大于UVA，这似乎表明了不同的紫外波段对生物大分子DNA的损伤是有选择性的。

The levels of SOD and CAT significantly increased and MDA decreased in bifidobacterium group compared to radition damage group.Electronic microgragh of spine neurocyte and neurogliocyte showed that cytoplasm,cytoblast and plastiosome were significantly engorged ,and neurogliocyte apoptosised in earlier period. TLR2mRNA increased in C group compared to B group by RT-PCR. Cytochrome C in kidney increased in C group compared to B group, but bcl-2,NF-Кb decreased. Conclusions : Enteroclysm is better compared to intragastric administration.

双歧杆菌处理组肝组织中SOD和CAT水平明显高于放射损伤组(P.01)，同时MDA明显低于放射损伤组(P.01)；电镜结果显示：放射损伤组与双歧处理组的细胞浆、细胞核和线粒体均明显肿胀，双歧处理组同时具有早期凋亡现象；RT-PCR结果显示：双歧处理组TLR2mRNA的表达明显高于放射损伤组；免疫组化结果显示，双歧处理组Cytochrome C的表达明显优于放射损伤组，而NF-кBp65和bcl-2则相反。

There were 5 cases (1.16％) of single lateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,2 cases (0.47％) of parathyroid gland partly injury,3 cases (0.69％) of superior laryngeal nerve injury,3 cases (0.69％) of bleeding and 1 case (0.23％) of esophago injury after operation.

喉神经损伤5例（1.16％），均为单侧；甲状旁腺损伤2例（0.47％），均为部分损伤；喉上神经损伤3例（0.69％），术后出血3例（0.69％），食管损伤1例（0.23％）。

The characteristic of the visco-elastic models and the damage models have been analyzed by the SBS modified asphalt mixture monaxial tension tests ,and coupling becomes visco-elastic and damage models in succession.

通过SBS改性沥青混合料的单轴拉伸试验，分析了粘弹性模型与损伤模型的特性，并耦合成粘弹性连续损伤模型；从能量的角度考虑了SBS改性沥青混合料的疲劳损伤特性和损伤效应，并建立了一种与拉伸应变水平相关的疲劳损伤模型。

Based on Chaboche's Continuum Damage Mechanics Model, this study suggested low-cycle fatigue damage model under nonproportional loading, in which maximum shear stress and mean hydrostatic stress are considered as two basic parameters and nonproportionality of loading path is considered as a damage parameter to enter damage evolution equation which may well describe damage evolution law of low-cycle fatigue under nonproportional loading.

按Chaboche的连续损伤力学方法建立的多轴非比例加载下低周疲劳损伤模型，以最大剪应力和平均静水应力作为两个基本参量，将路径的非比例度作为损伤参量引入损伤演化方程中，可以较好地描述非比例加载下低周疲劳的损伤演化。

He is the most remarkable man that I have ever known.

他是我知道的人中最值得注意的人。

Increased appearance of lymphocele was noticed in patients with diabetic nephropathy, congenital malformations of the urinary tract, and inflammatory diseases, including glomerulopathy and extraglomerular ones, after high-voltage radiotherapy and after removal of the renal graft.

经过高压放射疗法和切除移植肾后，在糖尿病肾病患者、泌尿系统先天性畸形患者和炎症患者身上发现淋巴囊肿有所增加，包括肾小球病和球外疾病等。