折射光学的

In this dissertation, the optical implementations of integrated bypass-exchange switches and interconnection networks are investigated as the followings:(1) An electro-optic bypass-exchange switch integrated in a single substrate of birefringent crystal is proposed, which is polarization based, and consists of two beam splitters based on the phenomena of double refraction and inner double reflection and in-between an electro-optic modulator based on the electro-optic effect of crystal.

鉴于此，本论文从网络集成包装的角度出发，研究bypass-exchange开关和互连网络的光学实现，主要内容包括：(1)利用单轴晶体的双折射双反射原理和晶体的电光效应，设计了一种新颖的单块晶体集成的电光偏振控制型bypass-exchange光开关，将一个电光偏振控制型bypass-exchange光开关所必需的器件（两个光束分束器和一个电光调制器）集成在一块晶体上。

It can be used to demonstrate such as optical axis of the uniaxial crystal,principal plane,the ordinary wave front and the extraordinary wave front ,etc.

该仪器用于普通物理光学教学，能形象生动地演示单轴晶体中的光轴、主平面、o光和e光的波面、o光和e光各自的电矢量的振动方向、速率大小关系，并能灵活地结合课堂教学各种实例，说明在不同条件下，双折射的产生及其原因

A general formula for three dimensional refraction of progressive gravity water waves has been derived using the conservation of waves, which has a form the same as that derived using Fermat's principle in optics. For the case of gentle sloping plane beach the formula can be degenerated into the famous Snell's law.

三度空间中前进波浪的折射现象，已依波浪守衡性的本质简明地导述出其主控的通式，且与由较繁冗的光学之Fermat原则所得者完全一致；而最简单的均匀缓坡度底床的特例情况则退化成Snell定律者。

Oweing to the suitable coefficient of thermal expansion and refractive index of lithium disilicate crystals, lithium disilicate glass-ceramics could obtain high mechanical strength and translucent effect simultaneously, which show a brilliant future in dental aesthetic restorations. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of glass composition, content of P2O5 and heat treatment procedures on microstructure and properties of final glass-ceramic products.

二硅酸锂晶体具有适宜的热膨胀系数和光折射系数，与玻璃相能够达到良好的热力学和光学匹配，使得二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷在具备较高机械性能的同时，仍能保持优秀的半透光特性，实现了高强度和美学效果的统一，在全瓷美学修复领域具有广阔的应用前景。

They have very intensive optical nonlinear effect, high birefringence, fantastic dispersion, ceaseless single mode transmission characteristic and dreamlike performance parameters. They can be used to form lasers with higher average power or peak value power. In a word they are the instruments that can rein the photon imaginably! Various theories and numerical analyzing methods of the photonic crystal fiber laser have been listed.

研究了有望构成更高平均功率连续激光器或更高峰值功率脉冲激光器的新材料——光子晶体光纤，介绍了其拉制方法，说明光子晶体光纤具有极强的光学非线性效应、高的双折射特性、奇异的色散特性和永无截止的单模传输特性等各项新颖奇特而且优异的性能指标，一句话，就是它是最有可能拥有完美的驾驭光子的能力的器件！

It would result in the fluctuation of the sensitivity of the system because of the existing of the dispersions of the reflection-induced retardance,Verdet constant and the linear birefringence inside the sensing head.

而在传感头中主要是由单层保偏反射膜的反射相移、光学玻璃的Verdet常数以及光学玻璃内的线性双折射这三个因素的色散特性，使得光学电流互感器的灵敏度随光源波长的变化而改变。

In chapter 3, characteristic paraments, focusing structure were discussed, the processing of double cell for phase conjugation was analyzed. Designing criteria of double cell phase conjugation mirror was given out. All phase aberrations could be compensated by using phase conjugation theoretically, but compensation is only effective to phase aberration of uniform polarizing state, it is not effective to aberration by thermally induced depolarization an diffractive effecting by aperture.

在第三章，我们讨论了SBS介质的特性参数，相位共轭镜的聚焦结构，分析了双池相位共轭镜的相互作用过程，给出了相位共轭镜的设计原则；从理论上讲相位共轭技术可以完全补偿热畸变以及因各种光学不均匀性造成的光束畸变，但是相位共轭技术只对偏振态均匀的相位畸变造成的光束畸变起补偿作用，而对由于热致双折射效应造成的退偏以及光束通过硬边光阑时的衍射效应造成的光束畸变无能为力。

The S8 badge at the rear, an integrated rear spoiler, a subtle light-refracting edge in the apron and an exhaust system with four oval tailpipes complete the range of optical modifications.

在后方，集成后扰流板，一种微妙的光线折射在停机坪边S8的徽章和一个完整的四个椭圆形的排气管的光学排气系统修改的范围。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。