抗辩的

Is an adversarial or cooperative approach more effective?

是一种抗辩或合作的方式更为有效？

The principle pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of 'guilty' or 'not guilty'; in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims.

被告回答起诉人控告的主要申诉；刑法中指被告"罪"与"非罪"的抗辩（或不愿争辩却又不承认犯罪的抗辩）；民法中必须包含被告企图辩论。

The author in this chapter also provides analyses of and discussion of labor remuneration claim right in relation to the employer's counterargument right, labor reward requesting right in relation to the labor's right of defense, and the beginning of prescription of labor remuneration claim right.

根据劳动报酬预付制、期中支付制和后付制等不同支付形式，分析了劳动报酬请求权与雇主的抗辩权、劳动给付请求权与劳动者的抗辩权的不同法律关系。

Furthermore, the essay contracts the independent guarantees' legal characters and practice with standby letter of credits and collateral guarantees to obtain the basic difference of independent guarantor in the right of counterplea, recourse, subrogation and fraud exception.

笔者还运用比较研究的方法，比较独立担保与备用信用证、传统随附性保证的法律特征及适用性差别，试图得出独立担保人的抗辩权、求偿权、代位权、欺诈例外抗辩权的根本区别。

Except within the domaine of the right of contest stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 167, the insurer or guarantor should not contest against the legal action taken by the victim directly against them in accordance with provisions in this chapter on ground of the loss of effectiveness of the insurance or guarantee or the end of retroactivity.

除本法第一百六十七条第一款规定的抗辩权，保险人或者担保人对受害人依照本章规定提起的直接诉讼不得以保险或者担保的无效或者追溯力终止为由进行抗辩。

1 In the event of actual or threatened suit against STR in relation to the services undertaken on behalf of the Customer or in relation to any of the Products or the Trade Mark or Patent of the Customer or of any allegation of infringement of any letters patent, registered design, trade mark or tradename, the Customer shall indemnify STR harmless from any liability, action, claim, demand, costs, charges and expenses arising there from or expense including solicitors fees, counsel's fees in defending such action Provided Always that the Customer will at its own election either effect any settlementor compromise or at its own expense defend any such action or proceeding and the Customer shall pay the costs of any settlement or compromise effected.

若有与乙方代表甲方所承担的服务相关、或与甲方的任何产品或商标或专利相关而针对乙方的任何实际的或可能的诉讼，或若有对任何专利证书、注册设计、商标或商号的侵权声明，甲方应当赔偿乙方，以使其免受任何因此而产生的责任、诉讼、索赔请求、催告、开支、收费和费用或抗辩此等行为而发生的费用，包括律师费、顾问费，但若甲方将自行决定采取任何和解或妥协行动，或自负费用抗辩此等行为或程序，则甲方应当支付采取任何和解或妥协行动的费用。

Therefore, it breaks the traditional accessory guarantees subordination and excludes the demurring rights of the guarantor based on the underlying contract. It provides a strongest and easiest type of guarantee to safeguard the performance the contract.

这就在最大程度上突破了传统担保的从属性和第二性的特征，隔离了担保人的先诉抗辩权和基于基础合同的抗辩，从而为合同履行提供了一种最强有力，最容易得到实现的担保方式。

Causalities and negligence of wrong, which is crux in judicial practices, are especially further discussed.

认为按照独立审计准则规定的程序出具报告是会计师事务所在诉讼中必要的但不是充分的抗辩事由，而未与委托人构成共同侵权则能够成为事务所减轻责任的抗辩。

Subject to the provisions below and to Clause 12 the Underwriters will contribute to charges properly and reasonably incurred by the Assured their servants or agents for such measured General average, salvage charges (except as provided for in Clause 105) collision defence or attack costs and costs incurred by the Assured in avoiding minimising or contesting liability covered by Clause 20 are not recoverable under this Clause 10

若发生任何灭失或灾难，被保险人及其雇员和代理人有义务采取合理措施，以便避免或减轻根据本保险可获赔偿的损失。102 依照以下条款和第12条各项规定，保险人将补偿由被保险人，其雇员或代理人因此种措施而适当、合理地产生的费用。共同海损、救助费用（除第105款规定者外）碰撞抗辩或诉讼费用以及被保险人为避免、减轻或抗辩第20条承保的责任而发生的费用，均不能根据本第10条获得赔偿。

Subject to the provisions below and to Clause 12 the Underwriters will contribute to charges properly and reasonably incurred by the Assured their servants for such measures General average, salvage charges (except as provided for in Clause 135) collision defense or attack costs and costs incurred by the Assured in avoiding, minimising or contesting liability covered by Clause 9 are not recoverable under this Clause 13

若发生任何灭失或灾难，被保险人及其雇员和代理人有义务采取合理措施，以便避免或减轻根据本保险可获赔偿的损失。132 依据以下条款和第12条各项规定，保险人将补偿由被保险人，其雇员或代理人因此种措施而适当、合理地产生的费用。共同海损，救助费用（除第135款规定者外）碰撞抗辩或诉讼费用，及被保险人为避免、减轻或抗辩第9条承保的责任而发生的费用，均不能根据本第13条获得赔偿。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。