抗生素

At the same time, the effect of sulfate on the anaerobic treatment, and how to avoid sulfate bacteria restraining methane bacteria were specially discussed. Through the studies of microbe bionomic of anaerobic, the sludge training, characters and model of granule sludge were deeply comprehended.

并对抗生素废水厌氧生物处理的微生物及生态学进行分析，从而深入了解抗生素废水厌氧生物处理的污泥培养机制、系统中微生物群落的演替规律和相互作用的关系、颗粒污泥的特征和代谢模式等。

The rule of ecological succession was studied in combined anaerobic process treating antibiotic wastewater. The structure and the metabolize model of granule sludge were founded primarily. The bionomic succession was a dynamic process, and would be developed in the perfect ways through control of bionomic factors and non-bionomic factors.

本文同时系统地研究了复合厌氧法处理抗生素废水的微生物群落演替规律，初步建立了处理抗生素废水的复合厌氧反应器中颗粒污泥的代谢模型，并指出，微生物的群落演替是动态的，通过对生态因子和非生态因子的人为调控，可以使演替按照理想的方向发展。

Administration of anti- biotics is a key part of the management,but it will fail without adequate débridement.

抗生素治疗是整个处理的关键部分，但没有彻底清创的话，抗生素治疗一定会失败。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses o f dietary fiber of Tremella fuciformis Berk on lipid metabolism and inte stinal physiology in rats fed diets containing 1% cholesterol and 0.2% cholica cid. Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups in a 2× 3 factorial design and were fed diets containing different doses (0%、5% or 10 %) of dietary fiber of TFB, with and without antibiotics 0.7g/100g of Nebaci tin (bacitracin: neomycin sulfate = 2:1,w/w) for 4 weeks. The parameters analyz ed included liver and serum lipid concentration , serum and caecal content of short chain fatty acids ,fecal neutral steroids and total bile acids content.T he results showed that rats fed the diet with antibiotics had lower levels ofs hort chain fatty acids in serum and caecal content than rats fed diet withouta ntibiotics.

中文摘要本研究乃欲探讨在有高胆固醇饮食条件下，摄取不同量的白木耳膳食纤维及添加抗生素对大白鼠脂质代谢及肠道生理的影响。42只 Wistar 品系雄鼠(重约260g)，随机分为六组，每组饲料中均添加 1%胆固醇及 0.2%胆酸，并以添加或不添加抗生素[ 0.7g Nebacitin(bacitracin：neomycin sulfate=2：1，w/w)/100g dry matter] 、白木耳膳食纤维量(0%、5%或 10%)作 2×3 factorial 之实验设计，实验期四周，分析血清及肝脏中脂质浓度，血清及盲肠内容物短链脂肪酸浓度，以及粪便中总中性固醇，总胆酸的含量。

MethodsCaS/PLA/GM implant tablets were made from composite of citrated calcium sulfate and polylactic acid mixed with gentamycin at a certain ratio. According to ISO 10993-1 standards, following biological experiments were performed to evaluate the biocompatibility and safety of the CaS/PLA/GM delivery system, as well as haemolysis, cytotoxicity, pyrogenic, and intramuscular implanting tests.

本实验以已研制的生物可降解柠檬酸化硫酸钙[2]作为抗生素载体，研制新型抗生素释放系统-硫酸钙/聚乳酸/庆大霉素释放系统(calcium sulfate/polylactic acid/genta-mycin CaS/PLA/GM)，对其生物相容性进行评价。

It is an efficient measure to prevent patients from AAD for using antibiotics reasonably and utilizing the gastrointestinal tract actively.Patients with AAD should be isolated and used antibiotics for the lower-induced-AAD as possible as we can,clysis with feces solution of healthy person is good for curing AAD.

结论合理使用抗生素，积极使用胃肠道途径是预防SICU患者发生AAD的有力措施；发生AAD后，应采取有效的隔离措施，尽可能改用诱发AAD率低的抗生素，正常人大便混悬液保留灌肠是治疗AAD的有效方法。

β-lactam antibiotics is still the most common drug causing DAIN in China, which is followed by autipyretic anelgesics.

目前导致DAIN的药物仍以β内酰胺类抗生素最为常见，其次为解热镇痛类药物，喹诺酮类抗生素相关性AIN较前增多。

Difficile is not as strong as that between the infection and antibiotics.

然而，他强调，胃酸分泌抑制剂与难治梭胞杆菌之间的关系并不像感染与抗生素之间那样紧密；必须要重视的是，感染难治梭胞杆菌的最大风险是使用抗生素，而且住院老年病患的风险最高，我们必须了解难治梭胞杆菌引起的感染越来越常见，且越来越严重，因为新的抗药性菌种已经被发现，因为感染这些高抗药性细菌的病患对治疗反应不佳，这样的课题已经受到重视。

objective to explore the reasonable utilization of cephalosporins in chronic renal failure patients with cephalosporin encephalopathy.method we retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 29 crf patients,who developed encephalopathic syndrome and was treated with cephalosporin.results the encepha1opathic syndrome include (1)mental confusion in 4 cases;(2)unconsciousness in 2 cases;(3)seizure in 23 cases.physical examination did not show signs of cerebral focal injury.computed tomography of the brain in 29 patients did not show acute lesions.the state of neurotoxicity was completely recovered after discontinuation of cephalosporins.conclusion cephalosporins used in conventional doses or reduced doses can cause temporary encephalopathy in patients with crfwhich might due to prolongation of drug half life.

目的 通过研究慢性肾功能衰竭患者抗生素脑病的发病机制和临床特点，探讨头孢菌素在crf患者中的合理应用。方法 29例crf患者在使用常规剂量或减量使用头孢菌素后出现神经精神症状，诊断为抗生素脑病，将其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果神经精神症状表现多样：(1)精神异常4例，表现为胡言乱语、烦躁不安、睡眠倒错；(2)意识障碍2例，表现为嗜睡、昏睡、神志不清；(3)癫痫样抽搐23例，表现为肌阵挛、全身抽搐、癫痫样发作；部分患者同时出现几组症状。所有患者均无神经系统定位体征，行颅脑ct检查无急性病变。

Now we don't know how aminoglycoside antibiotics damages hair cells, but there are some theories about it, such as:(1)AmAn affects the transformation among phosphoinositoln, inositol- 3-phophate and glycerine-2-acyl, also, it can cause the change of Ca2+ concentration in endocellular.

氨基糖甙类抗生素(aminoglycoside antibiotics， AmAn)损伤毛细胞的机制尚不清楚，但有以下几种学说：(1)影响了磷酸肌醇、三磷酸肌醇、二脂酰甘油间转化从而导致细胞内钙离子浓度的变化；(2)抑制G蛋白和鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性；(3)氨基糖甙类抗生素能引起内耳毛细胞的凋亡。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。