小臼齿

The main performance of the period similar to upper respiratory tract infection symptoms:① fever in all cases, more than for the moderate fever;② cough, runny nose and tears, pharynx, such as congestive catarrhal symptoms, eye symptoms prominent conjunctival inflammation, eyelid edema, increased tears, photophobia, eyelid under the edge of a clear line of congestive, the diagnosis of measles very helpful ③ Koplik spots, eruptive in 24 ~ 48 hours prior to the emergence of about 1.0mm in diameter outside the gray dots red halo, found only at the beginning of the mucosa under the molars, but the increase in one day can be involved very quickly and spread to the entire buccal mucosa lip and mucous membrane after the rash appears in the gradual disappearance of skin rash may have a small dark red points;④ occasional skin urticaria, rash or scarlet fever faint rash appears when the typical skin rash disappeared;⑤ Some patients may have some non-specific symptoms such as general malaise, anorexia, etc.

这一期的主要表现类似上呼吸道感染症状：①发热见于所有病例，多为中度以上发热；②咳嗽、流涕流泪、咽部充血等卡他症状，以眼症状突出结膜发炎、眼睑水肿、眼泪增多畏光、下眼睑边缘有一条明显充血横线，对诊断麻疹极有帮助③Koplik斑，在发疹前24~48小时出现，为直径约1.0mm灰白色小点外有红色晕圈，开始仅见于对着下臼齿的颊粘膜上，但在一天内很快增多可累及整个颊粘膜并蔓延至唇部粘膜，粘膜疹在皮疹出现后即逐渐消失可留有暗红色小点；④偶见皮肤荨麻疹，隐约斑疹或猩红热样皮疹在出现典型皮疹时消失；⑤部分病例可有一些非特异症状，如全身不适、食欲减退精神不振等。

This in vivo study was to examine the historical changes of implanted novel chitosan/collagen composite barrier for confirming the clinical feasibility. Four other commercial GTR membranes were chosen for comparison. Among the resorbable GTR membranes, BioMend Extend and Peri-Aid are collagen base, and GORE-TEX OSSEOQUEST is synthesized membrane, while GORE-TEX e-PTFE (Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) is synthesized but non-resorbable. Beagle dogs were used as animal model. Buccal mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected in the bilateral mandibular premolar and molar areas. Buccal alveolar bone was reduced on 1st、2nd premolar and molar to a level 5 mm apical to the cemento-enemel junction. Root surface was denuded of periodontal ligament and cementum, and notches were placed at the bone level of each root. The tested GTR barriers were implanted in critical bone defect areas. Flaps were coronally positioned and sutured. Two beagle dogs were sacrificed each time as the designed time period after surgery. Histological and histometirc evaluation at 7 days、14 days、28 days、3 months were performed post-operatively to determine the healing response of each treatment modality.

本研究之目的在评估与工研院生医中心合作发展出可吸收性去乙醯几丁聚醣/胶原蛋白复合之组织导引再生膜片，并选择与可吸收性之BioMend Extend 及Peri-Aid 胶原蛋白膜片，和GORE-TEX OSSEOQUEST 合成高分子膜片，及不可吸收之GORE-TEX e-PTFE合成高分子膜片，等其他四种市售商品材料共同对照评估，应用8只年龄为12个月的雄性小猎犬，均分4组(分别为7天、14天、28天、3个月)，为动物活体评估模式，在实验犬之左、右下颚第一、二小臼齿及大臼齿的颊侧区制造骨缺损后，分别植入组织导引再生膜片，依实验设定时间将小猎犬牺牲，取下缺损区骨头，以光学显微镜观察量测其牙垩质再生高度与齿槽骨再生高度之变化，以探讨其组织再生模式及评估新膜片在临床应用之适用性。

From a preventive and interceptive viewpoint, when a child's dentition is a Class I relationship before the primary second molars are lost, so that the space derived from mesial drift and diastemata is available, it is likely that emerging permanent teeth will assume correct alignment.

由预防性与阻断性的观点而言，当小病人在第二乳臼齿脱落之前的齿列是一级咬合关系时，如此空间可由近心倾斜门齿间隙所获得，而将来的永久齿是可得一正确的排列。

We present the case of an 11y/o girl with skeletal Class II but high mandibular plane angle, severe crowding, rotated upper first molars, and Class II dental malocclusion. Four first bicuspids extraction with a fixed appliance orthodontic treatment was undertaken.

最常被用来改正上颚大臼齿的去旋转装置就是跨颚弧线(transpalatal arch， TPA)，但是由於该装置作用范围较小对於不当旋转较大的上颚大臼齿将不易置入，且会产生过大之施力与力矩。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。