学术的

"Conclusions" part, summed up the Qing Dynasty "Lao Zi" annotator in the era of thought and social change on the issue of their own lives and national survival, through the "Lao Zi" made a lot of thinking, praying to find the self-settle down, but also a possibility of social harmony and peace, thus to established the value of Qing Dynasty "Lao Zi" annotation in the summary of old thinking and the opening of new academic significance.

结论」的部份，主要从「以儒学为标准审视老子」、「挖掘老子的实用价值」、「佛道二教的世俗化，影响了解老思想的世俗化」、「在西学观照下，肯定老子的多元意涵」四个面向，总结清代《老子》注家在时代思潮与社会变动之中，对自身的生命与家国的存续问题，透过《老子》一书提出诸多思考，祈求找到自我安身立命的所在，同时也获得一个社会和谐安宁的可能，由此确立清代《老子》注在旧思想的总结与开启新学术的价值意义。

Firstly,it reviews the history of aesthetic disinterestedness.

论文以三个命题阐述康德美学与中国现代美学的内在关联：首先，回溯审美无利害的历史，结合中国传统美学，从审美态度、艺术独立的角度阐明审美无利害命题的重要作用，审美无利害性既奠定了现代美学学术的独立性，又揭示出现代美学的基本性质与特征；其次，诠释康德美学中的审美自由概念，在现代美学的语境中阐释了"美是道德的象征"的命题，同时阐明审美游戏与美育的自由特征，审美自由显示出现代美学的超越精神和乌托邦精神；第三，艺术的人生观或者人生的艺术化将艺术与人生紧密地联系起来，审美人生展示出现代美学的审美理想，成为现代美学的价值归宿。

Qing-confucianism in this time solved the problem could not solved before that beef up the bandage of individual, prefer to instrumentality and defer to compatibility and appeal. Normativeness and constraint were its main orientation in the second period, but the theoretic outcomes of its prophase had been reserved.

这一时期的学者们只是在自身的范围内解决学术的"明体"与"适用"的问题，他们意识到了重整伦理秩序的紧迫性和重要性，但还无法将已有的理学思想资源整合成一套可供践行的思想样式，也就是说他们尚无法通过某种权威的力量来使他们所阐扬的伦理原则得到普遍的理解，他们只能以自身的实践来充当一个时代的典范。

The management under the modernity make the chair in university become a quantitative posatition,the posation generate power through symbol,the formulable academic posation generate strong discipline power.Academic creation become a plan project,individuals face a giant engineering structure,the individual moral sensitivity ebbed away. Bestir excessively make arousal become chastisement.Academic activity is making difference and competition in the control of currency, and academic activity become monetization. Academic estimation become a shortterm action.

现代性之下大学的管理使得大学的学术职位演变为一个数量化的位置，这一位置利用符号产生力量，&公式化&的学术位置制造了强大的规训力量；学术创造变成规划性工程，个人时刻面临着非个人的巨型工程结构，个体的道德敏感性泯灭其中；激励与惩罚在现代性之下分界线模糊，对学术激励的过分使用使学术激励其演化成了学术惩罚；大学内学术在货币指挥下正不断地制造差异与竞争，学术货币化；学术考核则演变成一种短期行为。

This article exposes the new tendence of plagiarism in the academic circles at first. Then the author proposes that academic foam which is made by a vast amount of repetitious research of low level and lack of professional spirit is the major obsticle against the progress of Chinese learning. So it suggests that academic criticism should turn to put the emphasis on the widespread superficialism with main feature of repetitious research of low level and flattering each other from exposing the individual ...

学术批评的重心应由当前的以揭露、批判抄袭剽窃的个案为主，转移到以检讨、反思、整治低水平、重复研究和互抬桥子为主要特征的群体浮躁上来；把学术批评的强音由当今的&学术打假&、&反学术腐败&，改换成&提倡学术规范，反对学术浮躁、学术泡沫&；把学术批评的个人见义勇为的&傻瓜的事业&，真正纳入到社会主义精神文明建设的重要议程，各级学术主管部门已到了发挥其应有的作用的时候了。

To the international competitiveness of academic academic, the storage quantity of resources of advanced knowledge mirror the competitiveness of resources of academic profession, the increasing quantity and the value of advanced knowledge reflect the competitiveness of academic delivering of the academic profession, the flowing direction and international prestige of advanced knowledge reflect the attraction and the international force of academic profession, systems of colleges reflect its competence, the zoology of advanced knowledge reflects the environmental force of academic profession, their relationships mirror the forming mechanism of the competitive advantage of academic profession, the bestirring model of international competitiveness of academic profession is consitituted on base of it.

对于学术职业的国际竞争力来说，高深知识的资源存量反映的是学术职业资源的竞争力，高深知识的增量与价值反映的是学术职业的学术竞争力，高深知识的流向和国际声望反映的是学术职业的职业吸引力和国际影响力，高等学校系统反映的是高等学校竞争力，高深知识的生态反映的是学术职业的环境影响力，它们的相互关系反映了学术职业国际竞争优势的形成机制，并在此基础上构成学术职业国际竞争力的激励模型。

Said's main critique is directed against the way in which the Western (defined more specifically as British, French, and to a certain extent more recently, North American) economic, political and academic powers have developed a dichotomized discourse in which an ascendant West is juxtaposed with a silent Eastern Other according to terms and definitions specified and determined by the West itself.

赛氏主要是在批判西方(准确的说是英国、法国和近来的北美)通过其经济的、政治的以及学术的力量、以及自身所规定的一套术语和规则来建立一套二元对立的话语，在这套话语当中，高高在上的西方对位于一个被规训的、沉默的东方&他者&。

He could have such influence because: first, there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement; second, it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism; third, the focus of his criticism, which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view, was mainly the l7th-l8th century historicism, especially the dogmatic, vulgarized and distorted Marxist social historical theory; last but not the least, Marxist materialist historicism is the dialect logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic and scientific way, the more easily understandable and acceptable way, in his criticism.

究其原因，我认为这首先与国际共产主义运动的理论与实践本身存在严重问题有关；其次与他批判的特点有关－用貌似纯科学的方法作纯学术的批判；三是其批判锋芒所指虽然也包括马克思主义的唯物史观，但主要是指17-18世纪历史决定论，特别是指被教条化、庸俗化和曲解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论；更深层的原因是，马克思主义的历史决定论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的，而波普尔的批判主要运用的是形式逻辑和自然科学的方法，这样的逻辑和方法是人们通常比较容易理解和接受的方法。

He could have such influence because:first,there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement;second,it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism;third,the focus of his criticism, which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view,was mainly the 17th-18th century historicism,especially the dogmatic,vulgarized and distorted Marxist social historical theory;last but not the least,Marxist materialist historicism is the dialect logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic and scientific way,the more easily understandable and acceptable way,in his criticism.

究其原因，我认为这首先与国际共产主义运动的理论与实践本身存在严重问题有关；其次与他批判的特点有关用貌似纯科学的方法作纯学术的批判；三是其批判锋芒所指虽然也包括马克思主义的唯物史观，但主要是指17—18世纪历史决定论，特别是指被教条化、庸俗化和曲解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论；更深层的原因是，马克思主义的历史决定论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的，而波普尔的批判主要运用的是形式逻辑和自然科学的方法，这样的逻辑和方法是人们通常比较容易理解和接受的方法。

He could have such influence because:first,there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement;second,it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism;third,the focus of his criticism,which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view,was mainly the 17th-18th century historicism,especially the dogmatic,vulgarized and distorted Marxist social historical theory;last but not the least,Marxist materialist historicism is the dialect logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic and scientific way,the more easily understandable and acceptable way,in his criticism.

究其缘故起因，我以为这首先与国际共产主义行为的理论与实践本身存在主要题目有关；其次与他批驳的特点有关用貌似纯科学的要领作纯学术的批驳；三是其批驳锋芒所指虽然也包孕马克思主义的唯物史不美观，但主若是指17—18世纪历史抉择论，出格是指被教条化、俗气化和误解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论；更深层的缘故起因是，马克思主义的历史抉择论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的，而波普尔的批驳首要运用的是情势逻辑和自然科学的要领，这样的逻辑和要领是人们凡是对照轻易理解？理睬和接管的要领。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。