基因

The total RNA was abstracted from the larvae of Boophilus microplus, and a 1982bp Bm86 gene was amplified by RT-PCR. The target gene was subcloned into T vector. The sequencing showed that the nucleotide sequence of the cloned Bm86 gene shared 97.4% homology with the data published in and this fragment contained the complete open reading frame of Bm86 gene.

为了克隆微小牛蜱Bm86 基因及构建该基因的表达载体，以微小牛蜱饥饿幼蜱的破解物提取的总RNA为模板，参照已发表的微小牛蜱Bm86基因的核苷酸序列，设计了1对引物，采用RT-PCR技术获得微小牛蜱Bm86基因；将Bm86基因克隆入载体，并进行序列分析，结果证明，克隆的Bm86基因序列与GenBank上登录的Bm86基因序列的同源性达97.4%，而且该序列包含完整的开放阅读框。

When 3 mmol·L-1 crocin treated T24 cells for 48h, the difference was significant compared with the control group ( P .05). Crocin induced wide changes of the gene expression profile of T24 cells. A total of 836 genes were up-regulated or down-regulated by more than 2 times, which were involved cell cycle controlling, DNA cell apoptosis, replication factor, and so on.

基因芯片检测发现3 mmol·L-1藏花素作用T24细胞48 h引起该细胞系基因表达谱广泛地改变，其中表达差异2倍以上的基因共836个，这些差异表达基因的功能涉及多个方面，最为明显的是与细胞生长调节相关的细胞周期调节基因、细胞凋亡调控基因、DNA复制相关基因等类型。

Results The DNA was obtained from PPJ through a nasopancreatic tube. Aberrant p16 methylation and K- ras gene mutation were detected in the same samples of PPJ. Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive values,negative predictive values and accuracy of HE staining for pancreatic cancer were 40%,100%,100%,45.4% and 60.0%,respectively. Of the 20 cases of pancreatic cancer,K- ras gene mutation was detected in 14 (70%) and the p16 gene was shown to be methylated in 7 (35%). Of the 8 cases of chronic pancreatitis,K-ras gene mutation was detected in 2 (25%). Of the 2 cases of mucinous cystoadenoma of pancreas,K-ras gene mutation was detected in 1 (50%). Aberrant methylation of p16 was not detected in pancreatic juice samples from patients with chronic pancreatitis and mucinous cystoadenoma of pancreas.

结果 所有胰液标本均成功抽提出DNA，30例胰腺疾病病人胰液标本同时进行了K-ras基因突变和p16基因启动子区5′CpG岛甲基化检测，其中20例胰腺癌病人胰液中K-ras基因突变率为70%（14/20），p16基因甲基化率为35%（7/20），8例慢性胰腺炎中K-ras基因突变率为25%（2/8），2例胰腺囊腺瘤病人中K-ras基因突变率为50%（1/2），慢性胰腺炎和胰腺囊腺瘤病人胰液中无p16基因甲基化。

The results showed that virulence frequency of V4a、V4b、V13、V20、V21、VXBD、V2+6、V4+8、V2+Mli、V4b+Mli、V5+6、V1+2+9 were 3.6%~29.7%, Pm4a, Pm4b, Pm13, Pm20, Pm21, PmXBD, Pm2+6, Pm4+8, Pm2+Mli, Pm4b+Mli, Pm5+6, Pm1+2+9 were effective resistant genes to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici and may be applicated as resistant parents; Virulence frequency of V1、V2、V3a、V3d、V3f、V6、V17、V19、V2+Ta were 38.6%~79.4%, The validity of Pm1、Pm2、Pm3a、Pm3d、Pm3f、Pm6、Pm17、Pm19、Pm2+Ta had decreased; Virulence frequency of V3b、V3c、V3e、V5、V7、V8 were 92.5%~98.7%, Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm5、Pm7、Pm8 had no applicable value in breeding if they were utilized as the only resistant sources.

结果表明，毒性基因V4 a、V4 b、V13、V20、V21、VXBD、V2+6、V4+8、V2+Mli、V4 b+Mli、V5+6、V1+2+9的出现频率为3.6%29.7%，其对应抗性基因Pm4 a、Pm4 b、Pm13、Pm20、Pm21、PmXBD、Pm2+6、Pm4+8、Pm2+Mli、Pm4 b+Mli、Pm5+6、Pm1+2+9为目前山西省小麦白粉病菌的有效抗病基因，可供转育利用；毒性基因V1、V2、V3 a、V3 d、V3 f、V6、V17、V19、V2+Ta的出现频率为38.6%79.4%，其对应抗性基因Pm1、Pm2、Pm3 a、Pm3 d、Pm3 f、Pm6、Pm17、Pm19、Pm2+Ta的利用价值已下降；毒性基因V3 b、V3 c、V3 e、V5、V7、V8的出现频率为92.5%~98.7%，其对应抗性基因Pm3 b、Pm3 c、Pm3 e、Pm5、Pm7、Pm8单独使用无利用价值。

Drug sensitive test and three-dimensional test220 strains of Pa were isolated from hospitalized patients between 2003 and 2007. K-B method was used to tested the susceptibility of 10 different antibiotics. IRPa was screened by testing the minimal inhibitory concentration of imipemem by using agar diluiion method.The susceptibility of these IRPa to the antibiotics was analysised. Three-dimensional test was used to identify the different kinds of beta lactamases from 220 strains of Pa.2.Carbarpenems hydrolytic enzyme genes and oprD2 gene were detectedamong the selected IRPa strains, PCR method was performed to detect carbapenemase genes which included GES、KPC、SPM、VIM、IMP、GIM gene and the oprD2 gene;Multiplex PCR were used to detect OXA genes and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta lactamase genes; The expression of the chromosomal AmpC beta lactamases and oprD2 genes in IRPa strains were analyzed by Real-time PCR.3.Identification and characterization of integronsIntegrase gene was detected by PCR, and the classification of integrons was performed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism.PCR was performed to detect the qacE△1-sull gene,and the gene cassetes which are located at variable region of integrons in the strains were detected to be positive.

方法1、药敏实验和三维实验收集2003～2007年临床分离的220株Pa，对这些菌株采用K-B法测定10种临床常用抗生素的药敏情况，同时采用琼脂稀释法检测亚胺培南的最低抑菌浓度(Minimal inhibitory concentration，MIC)，筛选出对亚胺培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌，并分析其对其它抗生素的药物敏感率；采用三维实验的方法分析220株Pa产β内酰胺酶的类型。2、碳青霉烯类水解酶和oprD2蛋白的检测针对鉴定的IRPa菌株，采用普通PCR方法检测具有碳青霉烯水解作用的β内酰胺酶耐药基因(GES、KPC、SPM、VIM、IMP、GIM基因)和oprD2基因，采用多重PCR的方法检测OXA型基因和质粒携带的AmpC酶基因，用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测oprD2蛋白基因表达情况；同时对产AmpC酶的Pa(25株，含IMP耐药和敏感株)用RT-PCR方法检测AmpC酶基因的表达量情况。3。

Bioinformatics Analysis of Silkworm Development-Related Genes According to sequence homology, homologous genes for 86 genes participating in embryonic development genetic hierarchy of Drosaphila were searched in silkworm genome, including 43 maternal genes, 12 gap genes, 9 pair rule genes, 13 segment polarity genes and 9 homeotic genes. Results show that all but 6 maternal genes have the homologues in silkworm genome and some of them have high similarity.

家蚕发育相关基因的生物信息学分析基于序列的相似性，在家蚕基因组数据中检索参与果蝇胚胎发育调控级联的86个重要基因的同源基因，结果表明，除6个母性基因在家蚕中没有找出同源基因外，其余基因在家蚕中均存在同源基因，并且其中一部分具有相当高的相似性。

Gene sequence was highly homologic with a gene encoding aβ- subunit of ATP synthetase and an EST originating from a cDNA in relation to water deficit stress, which both were closely associated with the protein functioning in stress resistance and ion transportation. The results suggested that No. 1 gene sequence was involved in stress resistance of apple rootstock. No. 2 gene sequence had high homology with a gene encoding a serine/ threonine kinase protein, indicating perhaps it was a new gene encoding the serine/ threonine kinase protein in apple rootstock. The gene sequences of A1 and A2 were highly homologic with a gene encoding aβsubunit of ATP synthetase.

对得到的差异片断进行回收、测序，通过BLAST和其它植物比对，发现Ⅰ号序列与一条编码ATP合酶β亚基基因和一条水分亏缺胁迫cDNA克隆基因EST的同源性非常高，该序列编码涉及到了抗性表达、离子转运基因，可能参与了植物抗性表达，说明获得的基因序列应是与苹果砧木抗性相关的基因；Ⅱ序列与一条serine/threonine kinase蛋白激酶的蛋白序列同源性比较高，核酸比对较低，可能是具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶功能的新基因。A1、A2序列与一条编码ATP合酶β亚基基因的同源性较高。

Studies of molecular genetics have demonstrated that retinoblastoma susceptibility gene is closely related to the development of retinoblastoma and the theory of Rb gene mutation or inactivation has been putatively proven to be the molecular mechanism of RB formation.

本研究以我国培养建立的一株RB细胞系〓及裸鼠为实验材料和对象，在对〓细胞抑癌基因（Rb基因、p53基因）表达状况进行检测和鉴定的基础上，通过建立裸鼠玻璃体腔RB常位异种移植模型，构建Rb基因的逆转录病毒表达载体，以脂质体介导的Rb基因转移方式，进行RB体内基因治疗的实验研究，观察Rb基因在体内对RB的治疗作用及影响因素，并探讨其作用机制。

An expression construct specified in mammary gland with double cistrons of human G-CSF gene and IRES-EGFP gene under control of ovine beta-lactoglobulin gene flanking sequence,has been constructed in two parts (named fragment I and Fragemnt II)that share an overlapping region of 2.2 kb sequence.Two sites of loxp and lox2272 for homologous recombination were inserted into both flanking regions of G-CSF.The lengths of fragment I and Fragment II are 5.9kb and 5.6 kb,respectively.The whole length of the expression vector (β-LG-hG-CSF-IRES-EGFP) is 9.3 kb.

以绵羊β乳球蛋白基因（β-Lactoglobulin，β-LG）为转基因表达框架，将人G-CSF(Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor， hG-CSF)基因与报告基因-增强型绿色荧光蛋白(Enhanced Green Fluorescenct Protein， EGFP)基因作为双表达单元拼接到β-LG基因的第一外显子处，并在G-CSF基因两侧引入同源重组位点loxP、lox2272，将打靶基因表达构件β-LG-hG-CSF-IRES-EGFP(总长9.3 kb)分为两段进行构建，片段Ⅰ（长：5.9kb）与片段Ⅱ（长5.6 kb）两段重叠部分为2.2 kb。

Expression patterns of genes differentially expressed in starch metabolism and cell cycle during endosperm development7 DAP kernals, 15 DAP endosperms and 25 DAP endosperms of B73, ae/wx and sh1 were used to study the expression patterns of 18 differentially expressed genes in sugar metabolism and 9 differentially expressed genes in cell cycle. We found that the expression patterns of Pul, SBEⅡa, UGPase, SUS3, SSⅡa in sh1 and Sh2-1, SUS3, SSⅡa in ae/wx were altered, revealing that these genes may interact with each other.

碳水化合物代谢基因和细胞周期基因随胚乳发育的变化以B73、ae/wx、sh1授粉后7天种子、15天和25天胚乳为材料，分析18个糖代谢差异基因和9个细胞周期调节相关的差异基因的表达模式，研究发现sh1突变体中Pul、SBEⅡa、UGPase、SUS3和SSⅡa基因表达模式发生改变，ae/wx突变体中Sh2-1、SUS3和SSⅡa基因表达模式发生改变，揭示了突变体对这些基因的巨大影响，反映了它们可能存在相互作用。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。