地图

In the paper, the researches and conclusions are:The basic theory and technique ofgeography information system, Introduce the history of the GIS technique developmentand it develops the trend, the GIS modernizes the meaning of the construction and thepurpose and the meaning of the topic researches to the our army artillery.The design ofartillerist numeric map, Make use of the soft strong graphics function of the SuperMapgeography information system, from how made the numerical map of artillery tocommence, carried on the processing and processed the piece to the artilleryappropriative paper quality diagram to manufacture the numerical map of artillery.Themold of choosing the position of artillerist and excavating the position of spacedata;Rules of space clustering analyzing and space relationship on the basis ofmathematics configuration;Choosing the path of positing convert;optimalpath arithmetic on the basis of chart theory and realize optimal path analyze.

论文研究内容有：地理信息系统的基本理论与技术，介绍GIS技术发展的历史及其发展趋势，GIS对我军炮兵现代化建设的意义和课题研究的目的及意义；炮兵地图数字化设计与制作，利用SuperMap地理信息系统软强大的制图功能，从如何制炮兵数字地图入手，对炮兵专用的纸质地图进行处理和加工件来制作炮兵数字地图；炮兵阵地选取分析模型、阵地空间数据挖掘模型的建立和挖掘过程，基于数学形态学的空间聚类分析法、空间关联规则法的挖掘模型；阵地转移的路径选择，对炮兵阵地转移路径进行分析，基于图论中的Dijkstra最优路径算法，实现转移最佳路径分析。

In a removable circumstance,map information is bidirectional transmission between the cartographer and user of map,and it is rotative ceaselessly.

但是，目前的移动地图大多照搬常规电子地图的设计原则，由于移动地图在移动设备存储和计算能力、移动用户以及应用环境的限制，照搬常规电子地图的设计原则是不合适的。

This article analyses the main customization problem of existing products for populaces in China based on the diagnoses of products and requirement of popular electronic map, and brings forward a suit of ways and means to improve popular electronic map's customization by a lot of software interface. This article can be referenced by enterprise or confrere.

本文在民用电子地图市场的需求和现有民用电子地图产品市场调研的基础上，分析了现有国内民用电子地图在用户化工作方面存在的主要问题，并以实际界面的形式对如何提高产品用户化程度阐述了自己的思路和方法，供从事电子地图开发经营的企业和同仁参考。

With the map database building, it is a instancy task to produce map based on the map database, and at same time to ask to update the database.

随着地图数据库的相继建立，以地图数据库为主要数据源进行地图生产成为迫切需求，并要求在地图生产的同时，实现对原有的地图数据库更新。

It is a main characteristic that map is differing from other image representation of geographical environment.

高质量的地图符号是丰富地图内容、增强地图的易读性和便于地图编绘的必要前提。

Of its research mainly includes the preparation of maps, map projection, map finishing, map printing.

其研究内容主要包括地图编制、地图投影、地图整饰、地图印刷等。

On the net collect summed up the following respects, offer text to receive the main page on the site repeatedly, according to website size, more or less can webpage numerary receive all pages repeatedly even; For every join provides a brief introduction, in order to hints this one's duty allows the person that visit is about which on one hand; Exceed in website map and text the mainest crucial term alludes inside join, the help searchs theme of page of join of engine identifying place is about which on one hand; Help engine indexes a few dynamic pages, because a few pages will be of dynamic generation, if not be user behavior is called,will not show come, can put this join on website map, in order to help the dynamic page with engine main index; To make website map attracts the visit of network spider, the descriptive sex statement with go up certain must be written to use this connective keyword to have simple description at the back of join, but the use keyword that cannot transfer, can be just the opposite to what one wished otherwise; Because general spider catchs page of before 3 class only, so website map makes the same score better more, what point to here is logical way, is not physical method.

在网上搜集总结了以下几个方面，提供文本连接到站点上主要的页面，根据网站大小，网页数目的多少甚至可以连接到所有的页面；为每个连接提供一个简短的介绍，用以提示访问者这部分内容是关于哪一方面的；在网站地图和文本超连接里面提及最主要的要害词语，帮助搜索引擎识别所连接页面主题是关于哪一方面的；帮助引擎索引一些动态页面，由于一些页面将是动态产生的，假如不是用户行为调用将不会显示出来，可以将此连接放在网站地图上，以帮助引擎索引重要的动态页面；为了使网站地图吸引网络蜘蛛的访问，一定要在连接后面写上一定的描述性语句并使用此连接的要害词进行简单描述，但不能过渡的使用要害词，否则会适得其反；因为一般蜘蛛只抓前三级页面，所以网站地图越平越好，这里指的是逻辑路径，而不是物理路径。

This thesis focus on GPS application in magnetic suspension engineering:① the formulation of oblique cylindrical projection is worked out according to characteristics of long distance precise engineering and map projection theory. The author has developed an application to accomplish coordinate conversion from generally used coordinate systems to oblique Maglev Coordinates System.② considering not only project peculiarities but also position of control points, selection of initial points, connection type, selection of repeat baseline and ground observed quantities, GPS network is designed on electronic map and we may extract GPS network information by program developed using Visual Basic 6.0 while the results are stored in control point file and baseline vector file.③estimate accuracy of various GPS networks designed on electronic map by method of 2D restriction adjustment. GPS network simulation design and accuracy estimate come true.④Predominate the rules how connection type , repeat baseline and precise baseline of range finder influence GPS network precision through comparing accuracy of various GPS network. Thereby, the solution how to establish GPS network in long distance precise engineering is figured out.

本论文主要研究GPS技术在磁悬浮工程中的应用：①根据长距离精密工程的特点，从地图投影原理出发，推导出斜轴圆柱投影的应用公式，并编制计算软件，实现从常用坐标系统向斜轴磁悬浮坐标系统的转换计算；②在AutoCAD电子地图上，根据工程的需要，并充分考虑控制点的点位、起算点的选择、连接方式、重复基线的选择和地面观测量的选择等因素，在电子地图上进行GPS网的设计，根据Visual Basic 6.0语言编程，提取出GPS网资料，保存在控制点文件和基线向量文件中；③对在电子地图生成的各种类型的GPS网进行二维约束平差的精度估算，实现了GPS网的模拟设计与精度估算；④通过对各种控制网的精度比较，掌握连接方式、重复基线、精密测距仪基线对GPS网精度影响的规律，解决了长距离精密工程GPS网的建立方法。

ABSTRACT: The UAV navigation system's performance is improved through embedding the geography information model that can process the vector map data in the system by using MapX, In this paper, how to navigate and plan the UAV flight course in the vector map is investigated. The basic control and operation for vector map in the geography information system is introduced, and the flight course is designed and modified in the map. In addition, 2D vector map can't orient UAV in 3D space, so the altitude model is added in the UAV navigation system to realize 3D orientation by integrating 2D vector map with altitude plot. The simulation results in the UAV simulation system indicate that the navigation system can monitor and control UAV efficiently and intuitionally.

使用MapX在无人机导航系统中添加能够处理矢量地图数据的地理信息模块，可以显著地提升系统的性能；文章对如何在矢量地图下进行无人机导航与任务规划进行了研究，完成对地理信息系统中矢量地图的基本控制和操作，并在地理信息图上进行航线的设定与修改；另外，针对二维矢量地图无法对无人机进行三维空间定位的问题，文章通过在无人机导航系统中添加高度位置显示模块，用二维平面地图与高度图相结合的方式来实现对无人机位置的三维定位；通过在无人机仿真实验系统中的使用，证明了该系统能高效、直观地对无人机飞行进行监视与控制。

It is pointed out that Cartographers should actively promote the informationization of cartographical industry and reorganization on the mapping agency,innovatively map design and map making on scientific conception,develop the electronic atlas market when cartography science is coming into the internet era,facing the chances of the globalized new economy and the social demands for remote-education.

地图科学即将进入互联网络时代，面对经济全球化的机遇、信息产业的兴起、远程教育的社会需求，呼吁地图科学工作者积极拓进地图产业的信息化与结构调整，创新设计科学深加工的地图精品，开拓电子地图新局面。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。