命题逻辑

The analysis includes three aspects:(1) The difficulty and reason of ultimate analysis's atomic hypothesis;(2) The difficulty and reason of analytic proposition's picture theory;(3) The difficulty between the proposition of Tractatus Logico-philosophicus itself and the anti-metaphysics proposition.

主要从三个方面来分析：(1)分析终极的原子性假设的困难及原因；(2)分析命题意义的图像论的困难及原因：(3)《逻辑哲学论》本身的命题与拒斥形而上学命题之间的困难。

Logical atomism suggests that proposition or sentence is the picture of actual being or existence, and atomic proposition is the picture of atomic fact, and molecular proposition is the picture of complicated fact, while language is the big picture of the world.

逻辑原子主义认为，命题是实在或事态的图像：原子命题是原子事实的、分子命题是复杂事实的、语言则是世界的总图像。

Propositions like Russell's 'axiom of reducibility' are not logical propositions, and this explains our feeling that, even if they were true, their truth could only be the result of a fortunate accident.

如罗素的"可归纳性公理"这类命题不是逻辑命题，这就说明了我们的这种感觉：即使这些命题为真，也只能是一件碰巧的偶然事情。

In our country, logic circles have different views on three theory problems :the definition of compound proposition , the definition of disjunctive proposition and the dignity of exclusive disjunctive proposition.

我国逻辑界对复合命题的定义、选言命题的定义以及不相容选言命题的身份这三个理论问题，有不同的观点。

Disjunction normal form theorem in the modal logic system S5 is inductively proved, which can be used for representing complex modal formulas by means of conjunction and disjunction of simplest modal formulas with depth at most 1 in the system S5. As application, it is proved that a knowledge base could answer KB-queries if and only if it could answer queries of non-modal propositions and their negations, which is a basic problem on knowledge base.

研究了模态逻辑系统S5中的析取范式定理的归纳证明，给出了在S5中用深度至多等于1的最简模态公式通过析取与合取运算表示含有多重模态词的公式的方法，作为范式定理的应用，讨论了知识库中的一个基本问题，证明了知识库能够回答KB命题式问题的充要条件是该知识库能够回答相关的非模态命题及其否定命题的问题。

In the field of propositional logic in computer logic, the Logic Equivalent of propositional is fundermental.

在逻辑语言的命题演算中，命题式的等价是一个基础性的问题，在判定命题式等价问题中，真值表示比较常用的一个方式。

Kant believed that al l the possible propositions within Aristotle's syllogistic logic are equivalent to all possible judgments, and that all the logical operators within the propositions are e quivalent to the moments of the understanding within judgments.

康德认为在亚里斯多德的演绎逻辑范围内的所有可能的命题就是所有可能的判断，这些命题中的所有逻辑运算符号都是判断中知性环节。

Based on the field work among the Azande and the analysis of ancient Chinese logic and the logic of Buddhism, this paper attempts to provide factual information for the argument for the "culture-based relativity of logic" in a descriptive way. Taking the deductive method as the classical research method, this paper argues for the existence of the culture-based relativity of logic in modern culture and other cultures. The validity of this argument is based on the findings of ethnographic as well as historical studies. This paper also seeks to prove by studying the interactions between different languages and ways of life that the classical research method was also built on cultural relativity.

对阿赞得人的田野考察报告，以及中国古代逻辑和佛教逻辑的研究成果，从描述的角度为&逻辑相对于文化&这一命题提供事实根据；采用演绎论证作为元方法说明现代文化中的逻辑和其他文化的逻辑在现代文化中的译本具有文化相对性；借助民族志和历史学研究成果说明其他文化的逻辑本身也具有的文化相对性；通过语言博弈和生活形式概念说明作为元方法的演绎论证同样具有文化相对性。

And in fact only tautologies follow from a tautology.

当然，这种指明逻辑命题是重言式的方法，对于逻辑是完全不重要的，因为作为证明的出发点的那些命题，必定无须任何证明就表明自己是重言式。

In this paper, the authors propose a temporal approaching relation and give a sort of temporal relations of propositions, based on Shoham s temporal logic, they propose a temporal logic which can describe uncertainty relation and is based on time--point and time--interval in proposition and first order case.

本文提出了时态逼近关系，并给出了命题不确定性时态关系的一种分类，在Shoham的时态逻辑基础上，对命题和一阶两种情况，提出了能描述不确定性时态关系，基于时间点和时间区间的时态逻辑。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。