命题逻辑

The theory of compound propositions inference, The theory of categorical proposition inference, The modal logic, Foundational laws of logic ,The theory of inductive logic ,The theory of proof and refutation.

主要有：概念的理论，命题的理论，复合命题推理，直言命题推理，模态逻辑，逻辑规律和归纳推理。

In our country, logic circles have different views on three theory problems :the definition of compound proposition , the definition of disjunctive proposition and the dignity of exclusive disjunctive proposition .

我国逻辑界对复合命题的定义、选言命题的定义以及不相容选言命题的身份这三个理论问题，有不同的观点。应从"真假决说"角度来定义复合命题：复合命题是其中还包含命题，而且其真假由所包含的命题决定的命题

Coase Theorem related to free exchange, Coase Theorem related to transaction cost and Coase Theorem related to complete competition rely on the definitions of" transaction cost"," free exchange" and" efficiency", which are related to logical fallacies.

自由交换版科斯命题、交易成本版科斯命题和完全竞争版科斯命题是否是同义反复或者逻辑谬误在于"交易成本"、"自由交换"和"效率"的定义，实际上属于是否逻辑谬误的问题。

From the point of view of relation logic, not only can proposition O be reversed but also its reverse has general significance as proposition A, E, I, O do, and the conclusion of its reverse is not any kind of proposition

从关系逻辑的观点看，O命题不但是可以换位的——其换位所得的结论不是 A、E、I、O命题——而且如同 A、E、I 命题的换位一样，O 命题的换位也是有其一般意义的

From the point of view of relation logic, not only can proposition O be reversed but also its reverse has general significance as proposition A, E, I, O do, and the conclusion of its reverse is not any kind of pr...

从关系逻辑的观点看，O命题不但是可以换位的——其换位所得的结论不是 A、E、I、O命题——而且如同 A、E、I命题的换位一样，O命题的换位也是有其一般意义的

The principle of confirmation is the foundation stone of the theory of the logocal empiricism and the confirmation about similar proposition or heterogeneous proposition is the major difference between "the Raren Paradox" and logical empiricism.

证实原则是逻辑经验主义的理论基石，对同类命题还是异类命题的证实是"乌鸦悖论"与逻辑经验主义的主要区别。

To the predicate calculus on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Logic, a symmetric synthetic method for finding the truth of IFL propositions using membership and hesitancy degree is proposed on the basis of the hypothesis of an equilibrium state of supportability and opposability of neutral evidences indicated in the intuitionistic index. The fundamental operation rules on IFL propositions are presented.

摘要针对直觉模糊逻辑及命题演算，基于直觉指数所表征的中立证据中支持与反对的程度呈均衡状态的假设，提出利用隶属度与犹豫度计算直觉模糊逻辑命题真值的对称合成方法，给出直觉模糊逻辑命题的运算规则。

Kant believed that all the possible propositions within Aristotle's syllogistic logic are equivalent to all possible judgments, and that all the logical operators within the propositions are equivalent to the moments of the understanding within judgments.

康德认为在亚里斯多德的演绎逻辑范围内的所有可能的命题就是所有可能的判断，这些命题中的所有逻辑运算符号都是判断中知性环节。

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的"现象学阶段"可以被视为他关于"心理学的哲学"的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将"原子命题"解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于"原子命题"之所是的正面解说），维氏的"现象学阶段"乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的"逻辑原子主义"之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的"现象学"观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于"不可说性"与"可说性"的二分法。

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的&现象学阶段&可以被视为他关于&心理学的哲学&的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将&原子命题&解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于&原子命题&之所是的正面解说），维氏的&现象学阶段&乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的&逻辑原子主义&之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的&现象学&观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于&不可说性&与&可说性&的二分法。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。