可靠性

Based on the function and reliability, the design principle for thepermanent magnetic bearing in rotating machine is put forward. FailureMode Effect and Criticality Analysis is studied for thepermanent magnetic bearing, and corresponding designs for magneticbearing are made to enhance the reliability. In addition, the main failuremode and failure causes are found by FMECA, it is found that theadditional alternate magnetic field within the machine causing thepermanent magnet to demagnetize is the main failure mode of thepermanent magnetic bearing in rotating machine.

本文提出了基于功能和可靠性的旋转机械永磁轴承的设计原理，对旋转机械永磁轴承进行了失效模式影响及危害度分析，并相应地提出可靠性设计措施，以提高永磁轴承的可靠性，同时通过FMECA找出了影响永磁轴承可靠性的主要失效模式及失效因素。

On the base of finite element analysis and testing on the bearing capacity, set up reliability evaluate model based on the bearing capacity of the bridge-crane structure. The model fully considers the random of the factors that affect the bearing capacity, and evaluate the bearing capacity in certain evaluate norms.

在有限元分析和承载能力测试的基础上，建立了基于常规可靠性理论的桥架结构承载能力可靠性评估模型，充分考虑影响桥架承载能力因素的随机性，按可靠性模型进行桥架承载能力可靠性指标计算，然后按评判准则进行承载能力评估，达到了量化评估的目的。

For the first time, on the basis of the principle design scheme of the system, the reliability analysis of the new type of electromechanical fluid drive system and its subsystem is carried out overall and systematically, which contents include reliability model building, reliability prediction and distribution, failure mode and effect analysis , fault tree analysis of the straight-rotary ball actuator.

基于本文提出的系统原理设计方案，首次对飞行器新型机电液驱动系统及滚珠直旋作动器子系统进行了较全面、系统的可靠性分析，包括系统与子系统可靠性建模，系统的可靠性预测与分配，系统的失效模式及影响分析，系统的故障树分析等，并结合给定设计指标对现有系统和子系统的可靠性进行了分析与评价，指出了提高系统及部件可靠度的措施。

Firstly, the article expatiates the concept of fuzzy reliability and the relation between random and fuzzy. It presents a list of random-finite element formula that is suitable for the reliability analysis for mechanical rigid frame system. Secondly, it presents two arrangements' reliability analysis methods that fit for component and fabric system. Finally, according to the characteristic of engineering mechanical, the article first brings forward half random-half fuzzy"stress-intensity intermeddle model"for mechanical intensity analysis, and according to Gerber equation for weariness intensity calculation, the article presents fuzzy number's calculating principle and the fuzzy reliability analysis method for engineering structure weariness intensity.

首先阐述了模糊可靠性概念、随机性与模糊性的关系；在导出摄动随机有限元法随机变量的变分原理、随机有限元控制方程和递归方程组基础上，给出了适合于工程机械刚架系统可靠性分析的随机有限元列式；给出了构件和结构体系两个层次的可靠性分析方法；根据工程机械的特点，首次提出机械强度分析的半随机半模糊"应力-强度干涉模型"，并依据疲劳强度计算的Gerber方程，给出了模糊强度的模糊数运算法则及工程结构疲劳强度模糊可靠性分析计算方法，该方法具有简便实用的特点和普遍意义。

At the beginning, an engineering method called semi-empirical reliability estimation method is introduced. Then, a detailed introduction of the bootstrap method, which has been widely applied to small sample reliability assessing since it was proposed in 1979, is made immediately. At last, a promoted virtual sample expanding method, that the reliability test sample size is expanded from 2-3 to 10, is proposed on the basis of predecessors research results. And the new method associated with bootstrap method is used to assess the test life lower limit in the case of logarithmic normal distribution.

首先阐述了处理极小子样可靠性评估问题较合理的一种工程处理方法—半经验可靠性评估方法，随后详细介绍了近年来在小子样可靠性评估领域发展迅速的Bootstrap方法，最后在前人研究成果的基础上提出了将样本数从n=2～3虚拟增广至n=10的虚拟增广样本推广方法，将该方法应用于服从对数正态分布的寿命总体，利用Bootstrap方法得到了试验寿命下限的估计，并与已有的半经验可靠性评估方法的结果作了比较分析。

Owing to the complexity of CIMS' missions,the reliability modeling should adapt the production processes accurately.Conventional reliability model method can not reflect the time dynamic behavior of CIMS,so the multitask reliability model based on generalized stochastic Petri nets is established for a CIMS manufacturing shop with multiple missions and the process times of the machines with exponential distributions.Furthermore,analysis of GSPN model based on behavior expression and moment generating function is presented,then can compute the transfer functions.Finally,the multitask reliability can be easily obtained without the reachability graph of Petri nets,which measure can reflect the operating performance of the whole multitask CIMS more intuitively.

CIMS生产的复杂性要求其可靠性模型可以精确地反映生产过程，由于传统的可靠性建模方法无法兼顾CIMS的时间动态特性，所以针对一个复杂的有多个加工任务的CIMS制造单元，由于其机器加工工件的时间均为指数分布，则采用广义随机Petri网进行多任务可靠性建模，在此基础上基于Petri网行为表达式，将矩母函数思想引入其中，不必生成可达标识图就可通过计算模型的传递函数，进而得到整个系统的多任务可靠度，该可靠性指标可以更直观地反映具有多种加工任务的整个CIMS的运行性能。

To the establishment of prior distribution in RGTE, considering that reliability growth test data belongs to a dynamic parent population, and based on the stage reliability growth test data, the dynamic modeling methods for prior distribution establishment are studied.

在可靠性增长试验评定先验分布的确定方面，针对可靠性增长试验数据的动态统计母体特点，基于阶段可靠性增长试验数据，对可靠性增长试验评定中先验分布确定的动态建模方法进行研究。

The generalized reliability of single failure mode component and unit structure under different kinds of uncertainty factors is treated perspicuously and classified. Combined with the three class fortify standard of aseismic design code,the conception of reliability vector of structures and systems with intermediate state before failure is put forward, and the calculation model of reliability vector with three stage working modes of "safety-intermediate-failure" and the operation rules of reliability vector of the simple aseismic engineering systems composed by structures are established.

针对各种不确定性因素下的单失效模式构件和单体结构，进行了广义可靠性的明晰化分类处理，结合抗震设计规范的三级设防标准，提出了具有中介状态结构与系统可靠性向量概念，建立了具有"安全-中介-失效"三级工作模式的可靠性向量计算模型，及其由结构组成的简单抗震工程系统的可靠性向量运算规则。

At last, fusing the modern information theory and technology, probability theory, random process theory and mathematics logic theory etc., synthetically applying various reliability information in each subsystem or unit of the long-range rocket gun system, this paper systematically evaluates the reliability of long-range rocket gun system, which provides quantitative reference for design finalization, production and application, and researching equipment reliability growth of the weapon system.

对远程火箭炮武器系统可靠性鉴定试验进行了理论分析与设计，对型号研制中有关可靠性试验结果进行了统计和综合研究；最后，融合现代信息理论与技术和概率论、随机过程理论、数学逻辑理论等数学方法，综合利用远程火箭炮各分系统或单体的各种可靠性信息，对远程火箭炮武器系统可靠性进行了系统评估，为远程火箭炮武器系统设计定型、生产与使用，开展装备的可靠性增长工作提供了定量依据。

At last, fusing the modern information theory and technology, probability theory, random process theory and mathematics logic theory etc., synthetically applying various reliability information in each subsystem or unit of the long-range rocket gun system, this paper systematically evaluates the reliability of long-range rocket gun system, which provides quantitative reference for design finalization, production and application, and researching equipment reliability growth ofthe weapon system.

对远程火箭炮武器系统可靠性鉴定试验进行了理论分析与设计，对型号研制中有关可靠性试验结果进行了统计和综合研究；最后，融合现代信息理论与技术和概率论、随机过程理论、数学逻辑理论等数学方法，综合利用远程火箭炮各分系统或单体的各种可靠性信息，对远程火箭炮武器系统可靠性进行了系统评估，为远程火箭炮武器系统设计定型、生产与使用，开展装备的可靠性增长工作提供了定量依据。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。