厚片

Proposed a new method of determining the cell thickness and the twist angle of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells, a quarter-wave plate was inserted between the liquid crystal cell and the analyzer, a stepper motor rotated the Retarder by , and measured the light intensity of every modulated point, solved the stokes parameters of polarization light exiting from the liquid crystal cell using Fourier analysis method, thereby determining the cell thickness and the twist angle.

本文提出了一种测量扭曲向列相液晶盒盒厚与扭曲角的新方法，在液晶盒和检偏器之间放置四分之一波片，通过旋转此四分之一波片，测量各个调制点的光强，用傅里叶分析法计算线偏振光穿过液晶盒后的stokes矢量，从而求出液晶盒盒厚以及扭曲角。

Inflorescences axillary; spikes terminal and axillary or only terminal, densely arranged into 4--11 spikelets; lateral spikes almost sessile; bracts longer than first bractlet, margin broadly membranous and wider than herbaceous part, apex rigidly and thickly cuspidate; each flower subtended by a bractlet; first bractlet similar to bracts but slightly shorter.

花序腋生只顶生的穗状花序顶生和腋生或，浓密排列为4-11小穗；侧的穗状花序几无梗；苞片长于第一个小苞片，边缘宽膜质和宽比草质深裂，刚硬和厚骤尖的先端；每花以一小苞片被包着；首先除了稍短小苞片类似苞片。

The research on the conditions of chlamydospore production for the liquid fermentation showed that, the better single factors were oat liquid media, 30℃, 120r/min surge culture, sucrose as carbon source,(NH_4)_2SO_4 as nitrogen source and the ratio of 20 to 1 for C/N. Under the better single factors mentioned above, the largest quantity of chlamydospore, i.e.3.05×10~7spores/ml, was obtained on the 10th day after culture.

木霉T-33菌株产生厚垣孢子的发酵条件研究表明，采用燕麦粉培养液、30℃、120r/min振荡培养、250ml三角瓶装入80ml培养液、接种5片活化2d的5mm直径的菌片，碳氮源选择蔗糖和硫酸铵，C/N为20/l，足适合T-33菌株产孢的最佳单因素条件(碳氮源实验基于Czapek培养基)；用这些最佳单因素组合(不包括碳氮源和C/N结果)培养木霉T-33绘制了产孢曲线，发现在培养第10d得到最大的厚垣孢子产量3.05×10~7个/ml。

Methods 28 inpatients with all of 58 deep burn wound on the function part were selected in this study. After the eschar was removed with Goulian, the wound was covered with meshed skin, autologous split-thickness skin sheet.

对28例共58个功能部位深度烧伤创面，应用Goulian削痂后：深Ⅱ度创面予以整张或网状自体刃厚皮片移植；Ⅲ度创面予以脱细胞异体真皮加自体刃厚皮片复合移植术。

Results The excellent rate of razor skin graft was 45.6% but the graft led to claw hands of different degrees, scar contracture and joint malformation; the excellent rate of flap graft was 100% with good function recovery and nice appearance; medium-thickness skin graft, full-thickness skin graft and composite skin graft showed out close results, the excellent rates were from 90% to 94%.

结果 刃厚皮片移植优良率45.6%，刃厚皮片移植术后，存在不同程度的"爪形手"、瘢痕挛缩、关节畸形等。皮瓣移植优良率100%，术后功能较好，外观优良。中厚皮片移植、全厚皮片移植及复合皮移植效果接近，优良率为90%～94%。

The differentiation states of costae indicates the ways they absorb and transport water, and their ability adapting to the dry conditions, which was elucidated by the following examples: Brachythecium plumosum, because of its thin cell-walls in the costae and the absence of hydrome, assistant and steroid cells, can absorb water and nutrition under shady and moist conditions; Plagiomnium rostratum, though often grows in shady and wet condition, has hydrome and steroid cells, a feature similar to those of xeric mosses, which endows it to grow in the conditions with periodical drought stress during its life cycle; Hygrohypnum luridum is characterized by its slender leaves with only one layer of cells, the thin cell-walls, the absence of filaments on the leaf surface, and the fewer layer cells in the costae, the absence of hydrome and steroid cells. These features make it adaptable to aquatic environments. For Pogonatum inflexum and Atrichum undulatum, their ventral surfaces covered with lamella, while for Racomitrium japonicum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Macromitrium ferriei, Diphyscium fulvifolium, Barbula unguiculata and Ceratodon purpureus, their leaves are strongly mammillose or papillos. Such appendiculate structures made them adaptable to thy conditions.

例如，荫湿生环境下的羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum，其中肋细胞胞壁较薄，无导水主细胞和副细胞的分化，也没有厚壁细胞分化，能够在阴湿环境下吸收水分和养分；钝叶匍灯藓Plagiomnium rostratum具有与旱生藓类植物相似的中肋结构，叶片较厚，中肋具导水主细胞，中肋背面具厚壁细胞，这些特点使该种藓类植物能够分布于间隙性干旱胁迫的环境中；水灰藓Hygrohypnum luridum叶片纤细柔弱，仅1层细胞，细胞胞壁薄，叶表无附属结构，中肋细胞层数少，无导水主细胞分化，也没有厚壁细胞，这些特点使得水灰藓'能够生长在水生环境中；东亚小金发藓Pogonatum inflerum和波叶仙鹤藓Atrichum undulatum的叶腹面覆盖着栉片，东亚砂藓Racomitrium japonicum、大羽藓Thuidium cymbifolium、福氏蓑藓Macromitrium ferriei、东亚短颈藓Diphyscium fuhifolium、扭口藓Barbula unguiculata和角齿藓Ceratodon purpureus的叶片表面有乳头状突起或疣状物，这些附属结构使它们能够适应于旱生的环境中。

The experimental group corneas were preserved by organ culture for 4 weeks, the corneal thickness was measured with ultrasonic corneal pachymeter. Then every corneas were divided into half -chip, there are 48 half-chip total. It was divided into 4 groups, there are 12 half-chip in every groups. The corneal endothelial cell density of 12 half-chip were counted through Alizarin Red-Trypan blue staining; 12 half-clip corneas were fixed with 4% neutral formalin solution, HE staining was performed, the expression of AQP-1 in corneal stroma and corneal endothelial cell were detected through immunohistochemical staining; Na~+-K~+-ATPase activities in 12 half-clip corneas were examined with Na~+-K~+-ATPase kit; the expression of AQP-1 mRNA were detected through real-time fluorescent quantitation PCR.

实验组经器官培养保存4周后以角膜测厚仪测量角膜厚度，然后每个角膜被分成两半，共48个半片角膜，再分成4组，每组12个半片。12个半片用茜素红-台盼蓝染色染色行角膜内皮细胞计数；12个半片角膜用4%中性福尔马林溶液固定行HE染色、应用免疫组化染色检测AQP-1在角膜基质和内皮细胞表达的改变；12个半片角膜用Na~+-K~+-ATP酶试剂盒测量角膜内皮细胞Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性；12个半片角膜用实时荧光定量PCR检测AQP-1mRNA表达改变。

If the height of bump is higher, the radius of bump is smaller, and the thickness of wire , substrate and chip is thicker, the strain of package without underfill is smaller. If the height of bump is shorter, the radius of bump is bigger, the thickness of wire is thinner, and the thickness of substrate and chip is thicker, the strain of package with underfill is smaller.

在应变方面，较高的凸块高度，较小的凸块半径，较厚的线路、基板和晶片厚度将对未填胶构装体有较小的应变值；另外较矮的凸块高度，较大的凸块半径，较薄的线路，较厚的基板和晶片厚度将对填胶构装体有较小的应变值。

I havent seen any restaurant offers meal unlimited here, i think it is probably only in Taiwan. i deem that excepts the culture of fast food, i have got another reason!for me, i only need a thin cover of jam on my toast such as strawberry or Hazelnut…something like that~ as long as a thin covered

还是吐司其实只是陪衬~每个都涂超级厚的一层酱~白吐司整片都涂成黑的~很厚就算了~连边边角角都不放过~我说这到底是甚麼情况~我估计厚度似乎有2mm~这麼厚一层~我觉得不肥的人应该是天生瘦子一个~所以不列入统计~其他肥子~身上除了垃圾食物以外~应该还有很厚一层的巧克力~十分夸张！

By setting different kinds of filters of various thickness values before the pinholes of camera and using the spectral sensitivity of the camera,multi-frame X-ray images of wire arrays Z-pinch implosions in different energy ranges were obtained. By analysing the relationship between the intensity profiles of corresponding frames and the spectral sensitivity of the camera,it is allowed to estimate X-ray photon energy range in local areas of images.

通过对皮秒分幅相机和2.3μm厚formvar膜滤片的光谱响应特性分析，以及对同一时刻粘贴2.3μm厚formvar膜滤片和未粘贴2.3μm厚formvar膜滤片两幅图像径向辐射强度波形的对比，确定出获取的X光辐射图像的能谱范围：不加formvar膜滤片的X光辐射图像光子能量大于70eV，加formvar膜滤片的X光辐射图像光子能量大于150eV，同时还确定出图像各部分的光子能量分布。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。