历史

He explored the social function of China's Historical Geography;brought forward the research method of combining literature record with field survey;developed the evolution of geography;set up a monument in the research of environmental changes in the Huanghe Valley;opened up a new field in the research of historical agricultural geogra-phy;unveiled the internal structure of form and evolvement densely-populated areas;settled a base in the research of histo-rical military geography;heightened the research level on the historical cultural geogranhy;made original study on the historical national geography;made systematic study on the issues of transportation in history;made fruitful achievement in the Shaanxi Historical Geography;set up the subject engaged in China's ancient capitals;illustrated the value of chorography;enriched the historical cartology;originated magazines on Chin's Historical Geography;trained a team of research staff in Historical Geography.

他对中国历史地理学史进行了深入研究；发掘了中国历史地理学的社会功能；提出了文献记载与实地考察相结合的研究方法；促进了沿革地理学的发展；树立了黄河流域环境变迁研究的丰碑；开辟了历史农业地理研究的新领域；揭示了人口稠密地区形成和演变的内在机制；奠定了历史军事地理研究的基础；提高了历史文化地理研究的层次；对历史民族地理进行了独到的研究；对历史上的交通问题进行了系统探索；对陕西历史地理的研究取得了丰硕的成果；创立了中国古都学；阐明了地方志的价值；丰富了历史地图学的内容；创办了中国历史地理学的定期刊物；培养了历史地理学的研究队伍。

His contributions to historical philosophy include the following: his study of the origin of time as the historical process itself is a combination of the priori and the postpriori in history that can testify the relationship between, historical philosophy and historiography; he establishes the criterion for evaluating the times by dividing time into time in conception and chronological time; he testifies the unification of cosmopolitism and patriotism based on a discussion of the relationship between the general and the individual; he describes human history as a long and arduous process in which rationality wins over irrationality and civilization wins over barbarism, a dialectical revelation of historical process.

他的历史哲学做出的贡献在于：探讨作为历史过程本身的时间的起源；以历史中先验东西与经验东西的结合论证历史哲学与历史学的关系；将时间分为概念中的时间和编年史的时间，制定评判时代的标准；以历史中普遍东西与个别东西的关系论证世界主义与爱国主义的统一；把全人类历史描述为理性战胜反理性、文明战胜野蛮的长期曲折的进程，揭示出历史发展的辩证法。

His publications include 110 Years in the Grace of our Lord, Hong Kong:The HK Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception; Enter a Cathedral to Learn the Curch History; The History of Evangelization in Hong Kong Wun Yiu, Ting Kok, Yim Tin Tsai; The History of Evangelization in Hong Kong Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon Tong, Sham Shui Po; The History of Evangelization in Hong Kong Sai Ying Pun, Mid Levels, Happy Valley; The History of Evangelization in Hong Kong A Difficult Journy; The Foundation of the Catholic Mission in Hong Kong ;"Nine Decades of the Rosary Church, Kowloon";"Hong Kong's lighthouses and the men who manned them"(co-author with Dan Waters);"The Sunday Rest Issue in Nineteenth Century Hong Kong";"Charity of Hatred: orphanages in China run by missionaries";"Catholicism in Hakka villages of Hong Kong".

发表的作品包括《香港，百载十年的荫庇：香港圣母无原罪天主堂》、《进入主教座堂看教会历史》、《香港传教历史之旅﹙一﹚-碗、汀角及盐田仔》、《香港传教历史之旅﹙二﹚-尖沙咀、九龙塘及深水》、《香港传教历史之旅﹙三﹚-西营盘、中环、跑马地》、《香港传教历史之旅﹙四﹚-旅途上的古人》、《香港传教历史之旅﹙五﹚-艰辛的旅程》、《香港天主教的建立》；〈九龙玫瑰堂的九十年〉、〈香港的灯塔及其守望者〉、〈十九世纪香港的"安息日"问题〉、〈慈善与仇恨：十九世纪中国的育婴堂〉及〈香港客家村落中的天主教〉。

Serious interpretation stick by historical fact, construct the scenario with inner historical contradiction, shape the event and historical character. Playful interpretation has a jocosity style and seldom stick by historical fact,(以后现代式无深度戏仿消解历史,并以此形成事件核心和模式化的人物形象;)Dissociated between these two styles is sub-serious interpretation, reconstructure history with fabled drama conflict, and shape the event and dramatized character.

历史正说剧忠于史实、风格严肃，以历史的内在矛盾性构建戏剧，并以此形成事件核心和历史化的人物形象；而历史戏说剧风格戏谑、几无史实，以后现代式无深度戏仿消解历史，并以此形成事件核心和模式化的人物形象；游离于二者之间的过渡类型即是历史亚正说剧，以虚构的戏剧冲突性重构历史，并以此形成事件核心和戏剧化的人物形象。

Chapter one is "Introduction". On the basis of summarizing the history of the study of the pictophonetic characters, we suppose some theoretical principle, such as the principle of the correspondence between the form and the meaning of the individual graph of Chinese characters, the principle of the total graphs of Chinese characters being a character-formation system, and the principle of the optimum development of the character -formation system in the history, and som analytic methods, such as the methods of structrue-function analysis, form-position analysis and meaning factor analysis, in the study of the pictophonetic characters. Chapter two is titled"General knwledge of the pictophonetic character." We discuss their origins, nature and some standards of distingnishing them, introduce the knowledge about the editions of SHUO WEN JIE ZI, analyse the functions of the modules of pictophonetic characters in detail, discuss concretely the function of phonetic graphs showing origins and pronunciations, the function of meaning graphs showing meanings and analogies, and the function of distinguishment when the two kinds of graphs are conbined. Chapter three is"The system of meaning graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."After we describe the structure of the meaning graph system, the relations between meaning graphs, the distributions of the function of meaning graphs showing meanings, and the frequency of all this kind of graphs, we get a table of all meaning graphs, a table of the frequency. Chapter four is"The system of phonetic graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."We describe the structure of the phonetic graph system, the relations between phonetic graphs, and between their function showing origins and their function showing pronunciations, and their frequency, then we get ageneral table of phonetic graphs and table of their frequency. Chapter five is "conclusion". We think that systematical methodology is useful in describing and analysing the formation system of Chinese characters. The methodology is adaptable in describing the formation system of modern Chinese characters as well as the historical character systems, adaptable in describing horizontally as well as comparing vertically. Only when we finish the systematical vertical compare on the base of systematical horizontal decription, could we know the true history of the system of Chinese characters, recover the rule of the system's development, and supply the theoretical supports for the scientifical arrangement of modern Chinese characters.

第一部分—绪论，在总结形声字研究历史状况的基础上，提出了研究形声系统的理论原则和分析方法，即汉字个体字符形义统一的思想，汉字字符集合构形系统的思想，汉字构形系统历史演变系统优化的思想等三项理论原则和结构功能分析法，形位分析法，义素分析法等三种分析方法，还扼要地介绍了具体的工作程序和论文的主要内容；第二部分—形声字概述，论述了形声字的来源、性质和鉴别标准，介绍了对《说文解字》正篆形声字说解中的传抄讹误，版本异文，说解错误校勘和考证的经过，详细分析了形声字构件的功能，具体讨论了声符的示源功能与示音功能，义符的示意功能与类化功能以及声符与义符组合中的相互区别功能；第三部分—小篆字系的义符系统，从义符系统的构成、义符间的相互关系，义符示意功能的分布及义符的构字频度等不同侧面，对义符系统进行了全面的描写，产生了义符总表、义符间意义关系总表和义符构字频度总表；第四部分—小篆字系形声字的声符系统，从声符系统的构成、声符间的相互关系，声符的示源功能与示音功能的关系以及声符的构字频度等不同侧面，对声符系统进行了全面描写，产生了声符总表和声符构字频度总表；第五部分—结束语，在全面测查小篆字系形声字的基础上，对研究汉字的方法和现代汉字发展方向的问题提出了一些看法，认为系统论的方法是描写和分析汉字构形系统行之有效的方法，系统论方法，不仅适用于历史上文字系统的描写，也适用于现代汉字构形系统的描写，不仅适用了断代描写，也适用于历史比较，只有在对汉字断代系统描写的基础上进行系统的历史比较，才能认清汉字系统历史演变的真相，揭示汉字系统发展的客观规律，为科学地整理现代汉字提供理论上的依据。

First of all, this part sets forth the essence of history and the character of historical text. We think that "history is a dialogue between the present and the past" and "historical text is a form of existence of history". For dialogical essence of history, weadvance that a dialogue of surpassing time and space is the essence of experienced teaching of historical subject.

首先阐述了历史的本质和历史文本的性质，指出历史是&过去与现在的对话&，而历史文本是历史的存在形式；基于此，我们认为，跨越时空的对话是中学历史体验教学的本质。

Nor is it a set of ossified formulas to follow.The law of history has been developed in the process of human historical experience...

历史规律不是先于或外在于活生生的人的实践活动的神秘之物，而是在人的历史实践活动中形成的本质的、稳定的联系；由于在历史转变为世界历史时代各民族之间的相互作用，造成了作为历史主体的人的能动选择的广阔空间，各民族的发展道路呈现出多姿多彩的形式，历史发展的普遍规律并不等同于各民族的特殊发展道路。

Reappraising history occurs in the process of history-creating and embodies human being's perceptual activities reflecting the subjective activity, which manifests the historical attitudes of the human being who is engaged in the history-creating based on the practice of our time, also is the subjective evaluativ...

历史重审是发生在历史活动过程之中体现着创造历史的主观能动作用的人的感性活动。它既体现着人们以当代实践为基点从事历史活动的历史态度，又是人们在理解历史活动的同时经受着历史活动本身检验的过程中获得的历史评判的主观尺度。

This dissertation has 7 chapters. Chapter One introduces the tradition of historical narration in Chinese literature, discusses the relationship between fiction and historical narration, and the historical view of humanism in traditional novels. Chapter Two analyzes the historical view in contemporary red narrative, the origin of red historical compilation, hypo-realism in red novels of officers, and the features of taking personal narrative as revolutionary narrative etc. the song of youth is taken as an example to illustrate the secret of changing little burgesses narrative into revolutionary narrative. Chapter Three focuses on re-emergence and changes of enlightenment historical narrative and the historical sense of enlightenment. Tibet, implied times and the family of red corn are taken as examples to illustrate the features of changing from enlightenment historicism to new historicism. Chapter Four examines the phenomena and characteristics of new historicism narrative. The following chapter concerns the historical narrative by Yu Hua and Mo Yan, and historical sense of quasi-new historicism in Wang Anyi's Changhenge.

正文共分七章，第一章是对&中国文学中的历史叙事传统&的追溯：探讨了中国文学中&小说&这一文类与&历史叙事&之间的渊源关系，传统小说中的人本主义与生命本体论的历史观、其悲剧本质的历史诗学与美学理念、其循环论与非主流的历史伦理：第二章是对&当代红色叙事中的历史观&的分析：探讨了其&红色历史编纂学&的由来，红色官史小说中的&伪现实主义&、&把个人叙事装饰为革命叙事&的特点、其&革命&外表下装裹着的&旧式&的叙事模型等等，还以《青春之歌》为例分析了由小布尔乔亚叙事改装为革命叙事的奥秘：第三章是对&启蒙历史叙事的重现与转型&的梳理：分析了寻根文学中所包含的启蒙历史主义意识一一从最早的民俗学趣味、到寻根诗歌中&文化民族主义&的突然高涨、还有寻根小说中所包含的各种新型的历史思想，还以稍后的扎西达娃的《西藏，隐秘岁月》和莫言的《红高粱家族》为例，探讨了其由启蒙历史主义向新历史主义过渡的特点：第四章是对&新历史主义叙事的现象与特征&的分析，先是梳理了新历史主义文学思潮从八十年代后期到九十年代末期所出现的大量现象和演变的轨迹，而后分析了各种类型的新历史主义叙事的特征，其基本尺度、还有&新&与&旧&的关系等等；此后第五、六、七章分别就余华和莫言的历史叙事、还有王安忆的《长恨歌》中的类似新历史主义的历史意识进行了分析。

Story·Life·Historical consciousness——Probe into Wang Anyi s life experience and historical consciousness from the novel of Chang Henge;2. In the construction of historical consciousness of news, great importance is not only paid to the historical degree of news report ways, but also to historical evaluation criterion of news value.

在构建新闻历史意识中，既要追求新闻叙述方式的历史深度，也要坚持新闻价值判定的历史尺度，而在新闻的写作理念上则要体现历史真实，以期实现新闻价值与历史价值的统一，使&一时新闻&能够成为&一页历史&。

The physiology of the skin machine body for the sake of the environment in the maintenance stability, but eject a body metabolism creation of metabolism thing BE'grease', summer perspire many various skin disease light or good, autumn perspire little metabolism thing metabolism don't go out, various skin disease made, this be the skin machine body of various burning disease.

皮肤机体的生理为了维持内环境稳定，而排出身体代谢产生的代谢物是'油泥'，夏天出汗多各种皮肤病就轻或好了，秋天出汗少代谢物代谢不出去，各种皮肤病就犯了，这就是皮肤机体的各种炎症。

If I had anything tender in me, I shot it dead.

如果我有什么招标的话，我枪死亡。