卡方

AIO life style variables are employed for market segmentation; the research subjects are 57,298 college students in Kaohsiung; and this empirical study applies factor analysis, cluster analysis, chi-square test, discriminant analysis, ANOVA and Scheffe test.

以AIO生活型态变做为市场区隔基础、研究对象为大高雄地区大学日间部学生57，928人，用因素分析、集群分析、区别分析、卡方检定、变分析及雪费检定等统计方法进实证研究。

The object of the study is consumers in Taipei city, and the study used AIO life style scale as the base of market segmentation. Data was collected by using questionnaires based on innovation adoption process, product attributes of portable multimedia player, and demographic variables and analyzed by applying factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis-of-variance, and chi-square test.

本研究以台北市消费者为研究对象，以AIO生活型态量表作为区隔基础，利用问卷调查方式搜集资料，透过创新采用过程、行动影音播放器之产品属性、人口统计变数作为投入变数，并使用因素分析、集群分析、变异数分析、卡方检定等方法来分析所得之实证资料。

The association between TLK progression and potential predisposing factors were assessed using χ2 test, Fisher exact, t test, and binomial regression model for predictor identification.

使用卡方检验、Fisher确切概率、t检验及两项回归模式来评估和预测TKL与潜在的易感因素。

After comparing the two type of tests,we came to some conclusions.The tests based on binomial test can be regarded as some kind of permutation tests under certain definition of "permutaton".If the tests are related to statistics,then whether they can be viewed as permutation tests depends on if the value of the probability,p,is known where p is the population parameter in the null hypothesis.For tests like Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit test,since the statistics is calculated based on empirical distribution function,hence no matter how we repermutate the observations,the order statistics is the same.This kind of tests can't be regarded as permutation tests.

我们得到的结论为：在一般的无母数检定中，如果检定与binomial test相关，基本上都可以视作排列检定的一种；与卡方检定相关的检定，基本上和p值已知或是未知有关，这个p值为原始假设下所要检定的母体机率值；其他检定如Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit test，由於统计量的值是根据empirical distribution function决定，而不论如何重新排列样本，其顺序统计量都不变，所以无法视为一种排列检定。

Firstly, single factor analysis, including Independent-sample T Test for scale variables, Chi-square Test for binomial and nominal variables, Nonparametric Test for ordinal variables, was used in 60 clinical variables.

先将所调查的60个临床指标进行单因素分析，连续型变量采用独立样本t检验(Independent-Sample t Test)，二分类变量和无序变量采用卡方检验(Chi-squareTest)，有序变量采用非参数检验(Nonparametric Test，NPar)。

In this paper, univariate or/and bivariate binormal model was established and its parametrers was estimated by the"method of scoring". To calculate the statistical significance of the difference between two ROC curves using any one of three distinct statistical tests: the bivariate Chi-square test, the area z-score test, and the TPR z-score test.

本文探讨了单变量、双变量双正态ROC模型的构建及其参数的最大似然估计方法；采用双变量卡方检验、真阳性率z检验、面积z检验三种方法比较了ROC曲线间是否具有显著性差异。

For fitting ROC curves and getting the area under the ROC curve, we applied the parametric methods of binormal models and ordinal regression models, the semiparametric method of Cox proportional hazards model, the nonparametric methods of Hanley, Delong This paper also include estimation of required sample size, evaluation of confounding effects, and estimation of standard error and confidence interval by resampling method for ROC analysis.

目前该模型用于ROC分析的统计学方法比较完善，属于"经典"的ROC分析参数法。本文探讨了单变量、双变量双正态ROC模型的构建及其参数的最大似然估计方法；采用双变量卡方检验、真阳性率z检验、面积z检验三种方法比较了ROC曲线间是否具有显著性差异。

The statistical methods for processing data were descriptive statistics, test of homogeneity of proportions and Kendall's coefficient of rank correlation.

资料处理的统计方法包括有描述性统计分析、百分比同质性考验卡方检定（χ2 test）及Kendall等级相关分析。

In the Contingency Table Approach, we find that prior performance and risk-taking are related.

在列联表卡方独立性检定中，显示上期绩效表现和本期的风险操作有关联。

First, we test if winners and losers have different strategies using Contingency Table Approach and T test.

透过卡方独立性检定、T检定确认赢家与输家对於前期绩效的反应是否有明显的不同。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。