刺激

I build my research work on the pass and improved the hardware and software of experimental system, and explored some new analyzing methods to pick out the CEP signal wrapped in the EEG more efficiently.On hardware, I designed a instrument to let our testee to observe the RDS, shown on Cathode-ray tube or printed on paper, through a stereoscope, and never let the stereoscope effect the observation. The instrument includes 3 modules: RDS showing, stereoscope fixing and testee fitting.

本文对CEP研究过程中的软件和硬件环境进行研究和改进，同时通过改进CEP信号的分析方法，设计了实验者观察刺激信号寸的立体镜支撑系统，包括刺激的呈现，立体镜固定，受试者适应等模块，使得受试者能够舒适地通过立体镜观察CRT上的刺激信号或者宁丁印在纸上的刺激信号。

Compared with quinine stimulability, discharges of vagus efferent never in both CTA rats and control rats had no difference when sucrose stimulability was was given. 5 When the same sucrose stimulability was given, FLI neurons of SON and DMV in the CTA rats had much more expressions than that in the control rats.

5给予蔗糖刺激后，CTA组大鼠在SON和DMV内FLI神经元的表达较多，且表达远高于正常组大鼠；而且味觉厌恶建立后，蔗糖刺激和水刺激引起的SON核和DMV内FLI神经元的表达也有差异，蔗糖刺激引起的FLI神经元的表达要高于后者。

When sucrose stimulability or quinine stimulability was given ,discharges of vagus efferent never in the CTA rats were much more than that in the control rats in the time of preceding stimulability ,stimulability immediately, 30min stimulability, 60min stimulability.

此外，无论是对照组大鼠、CTA组大鼠，在口腔内给蔗糖刺激后即刻、刺激后30min、刺激后60min，迷走神经传出放电都有增加的趋势，只是刺激后60min有所降低。

Experiment on adaptation effects in cat striate cortex found no pronounced difference between simple cells and complex cells.

结果显示，相对于简单的平动刺激，复杂的光流刺激引起了更显著的适应及后效应：细胞的反应在适应期间及适应后衰减程度更大，多数细胞的方向选择性在适应后发生了显著变化；总体上，细胞对复杂光流的适应具有方向选择性，但细胞对平动刺激的适应与测试刺激的运动方向无关。

Results The submental and internal side of mandibular angle was effective loci for stimulating genioglossus. Stimulative radius and intensity of both loci were not significantly different (P＜0.05) and no influence of the skin thickness was found.

结果 选定的颏下及下颌角内侧两刺激部位，能有效刺激颏舌肌，两刺激点半径、刺激强度无差异(P＞0.05)，并不受颌下皮肤厚度影响。

Reliable ERP spatial attention effects for tactile standard stimuli were observed at early (160 - 180 ms) and later (350 - 500 ms) time windows when the tools were uncrossed, i.e.

被试的任务是注意左侧或右侧视野，并对注意侧鼓棒末端呈现的触觉偏差刺激做检测反应，忽略所有其它刺激（包括触觉标准刺激和无关视觉刺激）。

The effective stimulating sites were indentified by defensive cardiovascular response and other components of defence reaction evoked by 3 s trains of rectangular cathodal pulses (100Hz, 0.5ms pulse duration, 70 -150μA intensity for dPAG and 150-250μA for PF) delivered from a programmed multichannel constant current stimulator. The responses included an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, pupillodilation and an increase in the rate and depth of respiration. Currents of 1Hz, intensity of 100- 150μA for dPAG and 200-250μA for PF were used to observe the effect of the stimulation of them on RVLM neurones. The deep peroneal nerve and superfacial deep peroneal nerve were carefully separated, and put on a pair of stimulating electrode respectively, Both nerves were stimulated with constant rectangular pulses of 1Hz, 0.5ms duration and 300μA current intensity to see their effects on RVLM neurones. The baro-and chemo-receptors were activated by the intravenous injection of phenylephrine or 0.208 M NaH2PO4. The degree of convergent inputs to individual RVLM neurone was studied by the stimulation of the sites mentioned above. It was found that neurones about 61.4%(27/44) and 35.3%(6/17) received convergent inputs from three and four places respectively.

过去的研究主要集中于整体水平，利用电刺激或化学刺激RVLM神经元，观察对血压、心率及交感活动的影响，并对影响心血管交感活动的神经递质进行了广泛探讨，积累了大量资料；在神经元水平，主要研究刺激脑内核团、外周神经、化学感受器及压力感受器等对RVLM神经元放电的影响和某些神经递质影响神经元活动的机制、然而，对RVLM神经元如何整合不同信息、其可能突触机制等研究得较少，本互作拟采用在体细胞内、细胞外记录电活动与微电泳，结合中枢核团及外周神经电刺激等方法，对RVLM神经元在不同状态下的整合作用规律与可能机制进行初步探讨，为进一步了解这一复杂的整合过程提供新的理论依据。

The result indicates that the intracortical synaptic input was unchanged, but the thalamocortical synaptic input was depressed by sensory stimulation and this depression recovered with a time course that matched that of the recovery of sensory responsiveness.

结果表明，电刺激诱导出的皮层—皮层突触反应不受持续的触须刺激的影响，而电刺激诱导出的丘脑—皮层突触反应则由于持续的触须刺激而减小，而且突触反应的恢复时程与皮层细胞适应恢复的时程类似。

Reading aloud differs from silent reading in that a leamer receives only visual+stimuli when he reads silelltly while he will receive visual, auditory and oral stimuliwhen he reads aloud.

朗读与默读的主要区别在于学习者在默读时只能够接收到视觉刺激而朗读时可以接收到视觉刺激、听觉刺激和自身发音器官的刺激。

The experimental data demonstrated that there was a nasalward directional preference in oath OKN system under both close loop and open loop conditions, and the nasalward OKN gain evoked by stimulation of nasal retina was much higher than that at temporal retina. ms indicates that OKN nasalward preference is mairily derived from the nasal retina, i. e. the direct path1Vay of OKN dominates the indirect pathway in cat's OKN system. The gains of temporalward and nasalward OKN from temporal retina are much less than those of nasalward OKN from nasal retina. It is suggested that the indirect pathway of OKN in the cat only possesses a supplementary function, Which probably plays an important role in temporalward OKN eye-movments in relation to binocular vision.

实验结果显示：高速度刺激的闭环OKN反应及开环OKN反应均对鼻向运动刺激有明显的方向选择性；半侧视网膜刺激时，鼻侧半视网膜的鼻向OKN增益明显高于颞侧半视网膜的鼻向增益，说明猫的OKN眼动反应以跟踪鼻向运动为主，并且这种对鼻向运动刺激的选择性主要来源于鼻侧半视网膜，亦即来源于OKN直接通路；颞侧半视网膜的鼻、颞向眼动增益均明显低于鼻侧半视网膜的鼻向眼动增益，说明猫的OKN系统的间接通路在OKN眼动控制中起辅助作用，并可能主要对颞向OKN眼动起作用从而与双眼视觉功能相关。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。