利益

Shareholders are short of a restriction-and-balance mechanism. For state-owned enterprises, the final managers of the assets are holding the absolute majority of shares and indifferent to asset efficiency. For civil enterprises, the enterprise under control may just be a chessman on board, which means its strategy can be scarified for exchange for holding companies'interests. Different information advantages cause different supervision costs. Large costs can cause the shareholders to waive the supervision rights, which may be acquired by other stakeholders like managers, so even dispersive shareholder structure may go through strategic failure. The healthiness of external supervision regulation can influent the strategic participation of shareholders, since it directly influents the interest expectation of shareholders.

对国有企业来讲，大部分存在一股独大的特征，而国有资产最后管理者缺乏对资产效益的内在关心，这是导致管理者缺位的关键；对民营企业来讲，被控股企业可能是其投资安排的一个棋子，如果牺牲部分利益可以换得更多利益，或者能够将股份公司的利益直接转移到控股公司，企业的战略失败就很难避免；股东们的信息优势不同，造成监督代价不同，如果监督的代价过大就会导致股东放弃监督，而股东放弃的监督权必然被其他利益相关者，如经理人获得并被利用，因此分散的股东群体也可能出现战略失败；外部监督法规的健全与否对股东的战略参与行为有重大影响，因为它直接影响了股东的利益预期。

But in the new hierarchy of interest, people in different interest stratum have different want and interest expectation. This requires that the reform should look for the'parallelogram of the composition of forces'and meet the interest of the majority in the settlement of contradiction and conflict of people's want and interest.

但在新的利益分层结构中，不同利益阶层的人们的需要和利益追求是不同的，改革应在人们的需要和利益的矛盾与冲突中，寻找"平行四边形的合力"，满足最大多数人的利益追求。

Because of universality of objects, it's inevitable to be involved in the conflict of data opening and personal privacy, commercial secret, and national security, etc. In fact, there are many subjects involved in the credit investigation system, including credit grantor, credit agency, government and bank.

事实上，在征信体系中涉及到的主体利益是多方面的，既有作为授信方的信用信息使用人的利益，又有被征信人及征信机构的利益，还关系到政府、银行等信用信息提供人以及社会公众的利益，各方都要求确保自己利益的实现并防止他方的侵害。

Because you fancy that the shepherd or neatherd fattens of tends the sheep or oxen with a view to their own good and not to the good of himself or his master; and you further imagine that the rulers of states, if they are true rulers, never think of their subjects as sheep, and that they are not studying their own advantage day and night.

因为你老是幻想着牧羊人和羊牛人只考虑羊或牛的利益将羊群或牛群饲养得又肥又胖，而不考虑他们自身的利益和主人的利益；你进而又想象着国家统治者的情形，假如他们还是现实中的统治者的话，他们从不考虑像羊那样的利益对象（而羊的利益大概也包括终将被当作食物），而且还日以继夜地不顾自身的权利。

In chapter II, on the basis of the explanation of the concept of the Marxist interests concept and the concept of market economy system , The second chapter analyzes the subjects of interests and multiple interests relationships, describes the confliction of interests in urban updating and house demolition, then builds the desired planning of the way and a path of the main interests integration mechanism .

第二章在对马克思主义利益观和市场经济体制下的利益观进行简要阐述的基础上，清理了城市改造拆迁中的多个利益主体及多重利益关系，描述和分析了城市改造拆迁中的利益冲突，进而对利益主体之间的利益整合机制的构建方式和路径作出了预想性规划。

The principle of proportionality may effectively limit the implementing of national public power and coordinate public interest and private interest by weighing benefits. The principle has broken the absolute concept of the private interest's superiority or the public interest's superiority and put the two interests into the concrete situation for analyzing.

比例原则可以有效地限制国家公权力的行使，最大限度地保护公民私权利，并且通过利益衡量的方法，在公共利益与私人利益之间进行协调，打破了私人利益至上和公共利益至上的绝对观，从而使二者处于具体情境中待分析的状态，没有哪个处于绝对优先的地位。

This part also studies the development of the scope of the public interest and puts forward the writer's own opinions on this topic.Chapter 5 is to discuss the balance between the public interest and individual interest by compensation on land expropriation. The priority of the public interest makes it possible to restrict or scarify individual interest.

第五章公共利益与个别利益的平衡：土地征收中的补偿问题公共利益的优先性决定了它可限制个别利益，但是，个别利益所做出的牺牲不能是无代价的，否则将无法保证社会的持续稳定发展。

The unbalanced situation led to the unharmony of different interest group.This paper annlyzed the unharmony between the industry workers and the farmers between the managing group of the country and society and other interest groups between the private enterprise owner group and other interest groups and believe that all the contradictions mentioned above are not antagonistic contradiction.But if not properly dealt with,it maybe developed into antagonistic contradiction.

利益格局的非均衡性导致了利益群体关系的失调，本文分析了产业工人群体与农业劳动者群体之间、国家与社会管理者群体和其他社会利益群体之问、个体工商户群体、私营企业主群体与其他利益群体之间的利益关系失调，并认为转型期我国社会各利益群体之问的矛盾总体上呈现为非对抗性，但若处理不当，有可能发展成对抗性矛盾。

Public policy implementation of the non-specific in common: public power for unpublic use, or alienat ion of public power, no longer subject to the public interest, the replacement of public interest objectives, replace the private interests of the public interest, the public interest as a small number of people community of interests posed by the unique structures of monopoly and efficiency to replace the fair, such as the imbalance between the supply of public goods.

公共政策执行的非公共性的具体表现在：公共权力的非公共运用，即公共权力被异化，不再服从公众的利益，公共利益目标的置换，即私人利益取代公共利益，公共利益成为少数人构成的利益共同体所垄断的特有物，效率取代公平，公共物品供给失衡等。

This paper investigates the basic principle of land and real property appreciation along the line produced by urban rail transit, analyzes the action process of urban rail transit development benefit, and demonstrates the basic characteristics of vested benefit of urban rail transit by using overseas related research results for reference. On the basis, the influence circle of urban rail transit development benefit is studied, the primary model is created according to the consistence principle of trip access, and the development benefit influence circle of each station on Line 1 is caculated for trial. At the same time the development benefit influence circle of the Xin-Zhuang Station on Line 1 is analyzed according to the research data, which verifies the model results. In addition, further research problems are put forward.

本文从城市轨道交通引起轨道交通线路沿线区域内的土地和不动产增值的基本原理入手，分析城市轨道交通利益发生、扩散和转移的作用过程，借鉴国外学者的相关研究成果，阐明了城市轨道交通利益最终归属的基本特征；在此基础上，重点对城市轨道交通开发利益的影响范围进行研究，根据出行可达性一致的原则建立了城市轨道交通开发利益影响范围的初步计算模型，针对上海轨道交通1号线各车站的开发利益影响范围进行了试算；同时，根据实际调查数据对上海轨道交通1号线莘庄站的开发利益影响范围进行了对比分析，验证了模型计算结果；此外还提出了有待进一步深化研究的问题。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。