创伤

The cervical vertebra bone fracture is one kind of serious wound damage, on the clinical common merge top digit spinal cord damages the partner paraplegia, the state is often serious and complex, often creates the fatal body and mind wound even life-long disability to the patient.

颈椎骨折是一种严重的创伤性损伤，临床上常见合并高位脊髓损伤伴截瘫，伤情常较严重而复杂，往往给患者造成致命的身心创伤甚至终生残疾。

After amputation, the expression of desmin appears first in the distal end epidermis and the peritoneum 4 d PA. The expression in the peritoneum lasts to the 14 d PA when expression of desmin appears in the musculature, while that in the distal end epidermis only lasts to the 8 d PA when the connective tissue below begins to express desmin. Moreover, from the 4 d PA, musculature and epidermis of the tube foot begin to express desmin and the expressions last to the 20 d PA. From 8-14 d PA, musculature of the ambulacral plate expresses myogenin and the peritoneum also expresses myogenin from 14-20 d PA. All these results indicate that precursor cells for muscle regeneration in adult starfish A.rollestoni are mainly from the distal end epidermis and the parietal peritoneum.

创伤后第4 d，顶端表皮层及体腔上皮中首先出现了desmin表达，体腔上皮中desmin的表达一直持续到第14 d，此时其上方的肌肉组织中也出现了desmin表达；而顶端表皮层中desmin的表达仅持续到第8 d，同时其下方的结缔组织也开始表达desmin；此外，从第4 d起，管足肌肉及管足表皮层开始表达myogenin，且该表达一直持续到创伤后的第20 d；而第8 d起，步带板肌肉也出现了myogenin的表达，此表达一直持续到第14 d；从第14 d起，体腔上皮也出现myogenin表达，且一直持续到第20 d。

Road traffic accident is the most common cause of hospitalized traumatic cases, and the zygoma and mandible was the susceptible sites to be fractured.

结果：1420例颌面创伤病例中，男女比例为3.24：1；21~30岁(36.22%)为发病的高峰年龄段；道路交通伤(42.07%)在致伤原因中居首位；颧骨(41.83%)和下颌骨(29.50%)为骨折高发部位；发生创伤超过3周后才获得治疗的病例占43.6%。

Abstract］ objective to provide the experience on treatment with the internal fixation to the fractures combined with/without dislocation on peripheral amphiarthrodial joint.methods from january 2000 to january 2005,62 cases were follow-up visited and evaluated on imageology,imaging,joint function and complication,et al.results serveral problems were observed on these cases.first,when the internal fixation were pulled out,some of the patients were observed the disturbance,even loss on joint function,and their quality of life were limmited.second,some internal fixations had been broken before they were pull out.conclusion we should sufficiently allow for not only the stabilization and the union of the fracture,but also degrade the complication to minimum limit and maximally recover the joint function.

目的 通过对微动关节周围骨折和合并关节脱位的内固定治疗后的疗效分析，进而为临床治疗提供经验。方法对2000年1月～2005年1月期间62例患者进行随访，并从影像学及关节功能、并发症等方面进行评估。结果治疗该类创伤病例存在着以下几个问题：（1）部分患者的关节功能在内固定解除术后，存在着不同程度的功能障碍，甚至丧失而影响到患者的生活质量。（2）并发内固定断裂情况时有发生。结论治疗微动关节周围骨折尤其在合并有关节脱位时，应充分考虑到既要修复因创伤引起的骨折使其愈合并使该关节稳定，又应该最大限度地恢复关节功能，并将并发症降低到最小限度。

Abstract］ objective to provide the experience on treatment with the internal fixation to the fractures combined with/without dislocation on peripheral amphiarthrodial joint.methods from january 2000 to january 2005,62 cases were follow-up visited and evaluated on imageology,imaging,joint function and complication,et al.results serveral problems were observed on these cases.first,when the internal fixation were pulled out,some of the patients were observed the disturbance,even loss on joint function,and their quality of life were limmited.second,some internal fixations had been broken before they were pull out.conclusion we should sufficiently allow for not only the stabilization and the union of the fracture,but also degrade the complication to minimum limit and maximally recover the joint function.

作者：洪洋，陈峥嵘，董有海，钱光，杨群，程根祥目的通过对微动关节周围骨折和合并关节脱位的内固定治疗后的疗效分析，进而为临床治疗提供经验。方法对2000年1月～2005年1月期间62例患者进行随访，并从影像学及关节功能、并发症等方面进行评估。结果治疗该类创伤病例存在着以下几个问题：（1）部分患者的关节功能在内固定解除术后，存在着不同程度的功能障碍，甚至丧失而影响到患者的生活质量。（2）并发内固定断裂情况时有发生。结论治疗微动关节周围骨折尤其在合并有关节脱位时，应充分考虑到既要修复因创伤引起的骨折使其愈合并使该关节稳定，又应该最大限度地恢复关节功能，并将并发症降低到最小限度。

After injury 5d-7d, the protein expressed strengthly. Conclusion The stage of the VEGF expression at maxillofacial blast injury is similar to the angiopoietic stage during wound healing, and the Flt-1 expression is also occurring at that period.

VEGF在颌面部爆炸伤后的表达与创伤愈合过程中新生血管形成的时间相似，其受体Flt-1的表达也多发生于此时期，说明VEGF参与调节了创伤愈合过程中的血管再生阶段，对毛细血管的发生有积极促进作用。

After injury 5d-7d, the protein expressed strengthly. Conclusion The stage of the VEGF expression at maxillofacial blast injury is similar to the angiopoietic stage during wound healing, and the Flt-1 expression is also occurring at that period. It illustrates that VEGF take part in angiogenic cascades of traumatic wound healing and product auxo-action to the regeneration of blood vessel.

VEGF在颌面部爆炸伤后的表达与创伤愈合过程中新生血管形成的时间相似，其受体Flt-1的表达也多发生于此时期，说明VEGF参与调节了创伤愈合过程中的血管再生阶段，对毛细血管的发生有积极促进作用。

Typical features include episodes of repeated reliving of the trauma in intrusive memories ("flashbacks"), dreams or nightmares, occurring against the persisting background of a sense of "numbness" and emotional blunting, detachment from other people, unresponsiveness to surroundings, anhedonia, and avoidance of activities and situations reminiscent of the trauma.

典型症状包含：过去创伤的情节会一再侵入记忆而重现，常做梦或梦魔，一直感觉&麻木&及情感迟钝，和别人疏离，对环境没有反应，快乐感缺失，及逃避会使其回忆创伤的种种活动和情境。

"These results are provocative and suggest that exposure to trauma and prolonged stress not only may increase the risk for serious mental health problems but are also cardiotoxic"- that is, a post-traumatic stress syndrome may increase the risk of heart attack Courtesy of EurekAlert!

&这些成绩是在挑衅，显示暴露于创伤和长时间的压力，不仅可以增加人们患严重精神健康问题，但也有心脏&-这是一个与创伤后压力症候群可能会增加心脏病发作的风险（礼貌eurekalert ！

The healing rate of wound of control group is obviously higher than the model group.(3) Observe under the microscope: When 3 days after we practice the surgery, HE and observe control group wound have a large number of inflammation nature cell soak, model group wound surface inflammatory cell relatively sparse in Balb/c mouse;The control group can seeⅠtype collagenic and green type collagenic day, model group type be obviously less than the control group; When 7 days after we practice the surgery,HE and bitter acid-staining observe control group peripheral inflammation cell soak, have appeared granulation organize.

3镜下观察：创伤后第3d，HE染色观察对照组伤口有大量炎性细胞浸润，模型组小鼠创面炎症细胞较稀疏，天狼猩红染色对照组可见少量呈黄色的Ⅰ型胶原和呈绿色的Ⅲ型胶原，模型组Ⅲ型胶原要明显少于对照组；创伤后第7d， HE染色观察对照组周边炎性细胞浸润，有肉芽组织出现。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。