农民

The third chapter made a comparative investigation of the farmers' income elevation among developed countries like the US, EU, Japan, as well as developing countries like South Korea, India. Then a model to elevate farmers' income in developing c ountries i s s et forward. After a 111 hese, i t c an t herefore s ummarize t he main experience from all those countries mentioned above, which is conducive to the elevation of farmers' income in China.

在"政府增加农民收入政策的国际经验"部分，首先介绍了美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家提高农民收入的各项政策；在发展中国家中主要介绍了韩国、印度提高农民收入的政策，同时也分析了其它发展中国家政府增加农民收入的政策。

Luxinshe said farmers rely on land as the basis for the survival and development of land is the source of his life, relying on the production, accounting for land swap if not reasonable compensation to the farmers, not arrangements for their production and living, equivalent to the production of the peasants living way, which inevitably caused by land acquisition peasant discontent will inevitably intensify social conflicts, the impact of building a harmonious society.

鹿心社说，农民是靠土地作为生存和发展的基础，土地是他生活的来源，生产的依托，如果把土地占掉，不给农民合理补偿，不安排好他们的生产生活，等于剥夺了农民的生产生活出路，那必然引起被征地农民的不满，必然激化社会矛盾，影响和谐社会的构建。

According to the analysis of the two games, I got a basic hypothesis that the game between the peasants and government was non-equilibrium in the institution transition led by the governments at all levels. Furthermore, the non-equilibrium was resulted from the impercipience of peasants and the ignorance of government on the peasants benefits but not from their deficiency in the capacity of negotiation.

通过对这两次博弈的考察与分析，本文得出一个基本假设：由中国地方和基层政府所主导的制度变迁中，农民与政府之间的博弈处于不对等状态，这种状态的产生主要不是由于农民的谈判能力不足造成的，而是由于处于体制外的农民对自身利益的判断出现偏差和政府忽视农民权益造成的。

Long-term deal with peasants piron, has many farmers, in work won the trust, the peasants have what problem is always likes to find him, piron, try to be enthusiastic reception, make NongGongWei office as peasants consultation, discussion of agricultural science and technology of mobile phones and room, piron office phones also became agriculture science and technology hotline.

刘强长期与农民群众打交道，拥有众多的农民朋友，在工作中赢得了他们的信任，农民群众有什么问题也总是喜欢找他，刘强都热情接待，尽力予以帮助，使农工委办公室成为农民群众咨询、讨论农业科技的活动室，刘强的手机和办公电话也成了农业科技热线电话。

In order to cause the farmer resident to carry on smoothly, in view of the farmer comprehensive quality question,the loses farmer's compensation question,the social security question,lateral economic ties question, we need to enlarge the education investment, strengthen farmer's education training, solve there children's education problem; we should formulate compensation standard reasonably, make land legislation scientific, perfect government function; we must establish a scientific,comprehensive and unified social security system gradually; we need to desalinate the relation of household register and the social authority slowly, reduce the city admittance threshold, form a lateral economic ties to conform to the Chinese national condition;we should try our best to develop country company.

为使农民市民化顺利进行，针对农民综合素质，失地农民补偿，社会保障，户籍制度等问题，需要加大教育投入，加强农民的教育培训，解决其子女的教育问题；科学制定补偿标准，科学土地立法，完善政府职能；逐步建立一个科学的，全面的，统一的社会保障体系；慢慢淡化户籍与社会权力的关系，降低城市准入门槛，形成一个符合中国国情的户籍制度；大力发展乡镇企业。

Great majority Special Farmers" Cooperation set up by relying on the ability person , group leader business enterprise, or farming technology section, forming the property structure with differences, Hebei province is also the same, with the performance of the higher store capitalization concentration degree, appearing the difference between the big shareholder society member and small shareholder society member, the core society member and non-nuclear heart society member, the investor society member and manufacturer"s society member. the existence of advantage stock is the actual controller in co-operative societies, the surplus of the co-operative societies incline toward advantage shareholder, the Share Capital dividends is comparison far from the sum return according to trade return, Ministry of Finance funds nation the public finance prop up a funds and bring of the income is also basic for the big shareholder of the school store income.

合作社产权结构的同质性是合作社实现成员民主管理、资本报酬有限、盈余按惠顾额返还的基础，而河北省农村现阶段经济社会条件是资本和具有企业家素质的人才相对于劳动是稀缺的生产要素，绝大多数农民专业合作社都是依托能人大户、龙头企业、或农技部门组建，形成了农民专业合作社异质性的产权结构，表现为合作社股金集中度普遍较高，社员中出现大股东社员和小股东社员，核心社员和非核心社员，投资者社员和生产者社员的差别，合作社中的优势股为农民专业合作社的实际控制者，农民专业合作社的利益分配自然倾向于优势股东，按股分红的比例远高于按交易额返还的比例，国家财政扶植资金及带来的收益也基本为合作社的大股东所得。

To protect farmer interest, correct the unreasonable tax cost on apportion farmer head, should allot almost every year " red head file ", it is good to emphasize asking to do reduce farmer burden job, make sure farmer income and rural economics grow steadily.

为了保护农民利益，纠正摊派农民头上的不合理税费，几乎每年都要下发"红头文件"，强调要求做好减轻农民负担工作，保证农民收入和农村经济稳步增长。

In recent years, although Party Committee of all levels, government was reducing farmer responsibility respect to do a large number of works, got certain result, but farmer burden problem still is done not have from go up at all get settlement, farmer burden is overweight, growth rate is too rapid, exceeded a farmer greatly bear ability, contused severely the enthusiasm of the farmer, affected rural stability and development.

近年来，各级党委、政府虽然在减轻农民负担方面做了大量工作，收到了一定效果，但农民负担问题还没有从根本上得到解决，农民负担过重，增长速度过快，大大超出了农民的承受能力，严重地挫伤了农民的积极性，影响了农村的稳定和发展。

Ever so, this kind of exploration has stablished the solid foundation for china"s modernization, have played and lays foundation on function for the settlement of china"s rural, agricultural, peasant"s problem, Its position is pioneering.Deng ciao-ping is in the new period for reform and opening up to the lutside world. He suggests reform and opening up the outside world as theAbstractmotive force of development, and reform the factor of fettering productivity development in the old system, make a reservation and solve the basic point of china"s rural problem again. He emphasize that liberates and develop rural productivity again and point out that the rich peasant is a key of solving the problem.

邓小平在改革开放的新时期，改革传统体制中&左&的、束缚生产力发展的旧体制；强调重新解放和发展农村生产力；以富裕农民为关键，以确立农业在新时期的战略重点地位为核心；强调科技在农业发展中的作用；强调调整农业产业结构，发展多种经营；强调工业支援农业，发展乡镇企业，转移农村剩余劳动力；提出中国农业发展的&两个飞跃&的思想；继承毛泽东农民教育思想，提出教育改造农民的新思路；吸取以往经验教训，强调保护农民的物质利益，尊重农民群众的首创精神；继续强调共同富裕的农村发展目标，提出&先富&到&共富&的发展思路等观点。

Firstly, more and more countrymen especially in the poor areas are disclosed under the health risk, and the illness brings the heavy economic burden to them, which is the one of the main reason of the poverty in the country. Secondly, the another main reason of poverty caused by illness is the undercapitalizing on the health human capital, and the lack of investment includes two aspects: one is individual and family, another is government. Thirdly resolving the lack of investment on the health is the key part of the long-term layout, Conquering the Poverty of the Country, which will be realized by Chinese government and be needed the both investing by the individual and family and government.

本文针对我国农村地区存在的&看病难&、&因病致贫&现象，通过文献综述以及问卷调查的方法，提出了这样几点结论：首先中国农村地区尤其是贫困农村地区越来越多的农民暴露在健康风险之下，疾病给农民带来了沉重的经济负担，因病致贫正成为我国农村致贫的一个主要原因；其次因病致贫的主要原因是农民的健康人力资本投资不足，而健康投资不足又包括了两个重要主体——农民个人和家庭、政府对健康的投资不足；第三缓解因健康投资不足造成的因病致贫是实现&中国战胜农村贫困&长远规划的关键之所在，需要农民个人和家庭、政府共同加大对健康的投资。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。