共同诉讼

If the interested party lodges a lawsuit against any branch of the accounting firm, the people's court may list the accounting firm as a codefendant to participate in the lawsuit.

利害关系人对会计师事务所的分支机构提起诉讼的，人民法院可以将该会计师事务所列为共同被告参加诉讼。

Article 3 If the interested party directly brings an action against the accounting firm rather than lodges a lawsuit against the audited entity, the people's court shall inform it that it should litigate against the accounting firm and the audited concurrently. If it refuses to litigate against the audited entity, the people's court shall notify the audited entity to participate in the litigation as a codefendant.

第三条 利害关系人未对被审计单位提起诉讼而直接对会计师事务所提起诉讼的，人民法院应当告知其对会计师事务所和被审计单位一并提起诉讼；利害关系人拒不起诉被审计单位的，人民法院应当通知被审计单位作为共同被告参加诉讼。

For a lawsuit concerning a dispute over a guarantee contract, if the creditor claims its rights against the guarantor and the warrantee, the people's court shall take the guarantor and the warrantee as codefendants, if the creditor sues only against the guarantor, except that the guarantor shall assume the joint and several liability according to the guarantee contract, the people's court shall notify the warrantee to participate in litigation as the codefendant, and if the creditor sues only against the warrantee, the people's court may only take the warrantee as the defendant.

因保证合同纠纷提起的诉讼，债权人向保证人和被保证人一并主张权利的，人民法院应当将保证人和被保证人列为共同被告；债权人仅起诉保证人的，除保证合同明确约定保证人承担连带责任的外，人民法院应当通知被保证人作为共同被告参加诉讼；债权人仅起诉被保证人的，可只列被保证人为被告。

A pleader may either state as a cross-claim against a co-party any claim that the co-party is or may be liable to the cross-claimant for all or part of a claim asserted in the action against the cross-claimant; or move for judgment for contribution against any other joint judgment debtor, where in a single action a judgment has been entered against joint tortfeasors one of whom has discharged the judgment by payment or has paid more than his pro rata share thereof.

在单一诉讼中，针对共同请求人中一人已经通过清偿履行判决或者支付了超过其按份份额的判决，诉讼当事人可能既可以陈述作为针对共同当事人交叉请求的任何关于共同当事人任何应该或者可能应该对针对交叉诉状提出的交叉诉讼中的全部或者部分负责的请求；也可以关于针对任何其他共同判决债务人的分摊判决的动议。

Based on the two-parties frame of litigation,this paper tries to analyze the defendant in intervening action which the intervenor with the right of independent claims brings from the angle of colitigation theory.Whether to proceed against both parties in the original action as joint defendants or only one party in the original action a...

以两造对立的诉讼结构为基础，以诉讼合并理论为视角，对有独立请求权的第三人提起主参加诉讼之被告予以分析可以看出：主参加之诉的被告的确立，是以本诉的双方当事人为共同被告，还是以本诉的一方当事人为被告，取决于是否有利于实现查明案件事实，实现纠纷的一次性解决。

The second section discusses the problems of analogous necessary joinder.

第二节讨论类似的必要共同诉讼问题。

In the course of concrete system"s designing, the default should be give a definition; the applicable condition and the due reason of absence should be clear; the judge"s rights for explanations, a relievable procedure for the system of default judgment should be set up. And the last, the different disposals for the three people and the common people in the course of litigation.

在对缺席判决制度的具体设计上，从&缺席&的适用范围、缺席判决的适用条件、缺席的正当理由，法官的释明权、救济制度等方面完善我国的缺席判决制度，并对第三人和共同诉讼人的缺席作出规定。

On the non-essential joint and several liability,the case of indicting many debtors at the same time should introduce common-joinder.

不真正连带债务中，债权人一并起诉数个债权人的情形应当适用普通共同诉讼方式进行合并审理。

This was an appeal by the cargo-insurers and a cross-appeal by the ship managers from the decision of the Court of Appeal of Hong Kong in which it was held that the ship managers could join the shipowners as additional plaintiffs in the claims against the cargo insurers for general average contributions but not in the claims against the cargo-owners.

货物保险人提出了上诉请求，船舶经营人也提出了一个交叉上诉请求。根据香港上诉法院的一项决定，船舶经营人可以与船舶所有人一起作为共同原告向货物保险人提出共同海损请求，但是不能在针对货物所有人的共同海损诉讼中作为共同原告。

And, not only we should improve the mechanisms against misuse of process, but also we should pay attention to the construction of moral awareness. Combining both of these, a defending line can be built up against misuse of process

而且，我们在注重恶意诉讼相关制度约束建设的同时也不应忽视恶意诉讼消解的思想道德基础建设，两者相结合共同架起遏制恶意诉讼行为的防线。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。