供暖

Taking the lobby of an existing office building in Beijing as study object, considering the weather conditions and the air conditioning load characteristics, performs the energy efficiency reformation of air conditioning system based on the theory and principle of floor panel cooling and heating technology by replacing the original floor panel heating system to a floor panel cooling and heating system. The running results in summer of 2009 show that the reformation has satisfied the demands of building thermal comfort and function with significant energy saving effects.

以北京市某既有办公建筑的大堂为研究对象，针对北京地区的气候条件和大堂建筑的空调负荷特性，基于地板辐射供冷供暖技术的基本理论和原理，对该大堂原有的空调方式进行了节能改造，将原来的地板辐射供暖系统改为地板辐射供冷供暖系统。2009年夏季供冷工况运行结果表明，该改造方案不但可满足建筑热舒适性及使用功能要求，而且节能效果显著。

Presents a demonstration project of solar-ground source heat pump heating and cooling in severe cold area. According to the characteristics of the combination system of solar-ground source heat pump and floor panel heating in the project,puts forward a new operation mode and executes preliminary heating experiment.

介绍了严寒地区太阳能-地埋管地源热泵供暖供冷示范工程，针对示范工程中太阳能-地埋管地源热泵与地板辐射供暖相结合的特点，提出了严寒地区太阳能-地埋管地源热泵系统的新型运行模式，并进行了初步的供暖实验研究。

In order to study the method and its capability of the borax ceramsite concrete as the layer of accumulation of heat of floor radiant heating,the borax ceramsite concrete was used to substitute for pisolite concrete as the layer of accumulation of heat in the floor radiant heating system during the construction of Lakeside Garden Buildings in Liaohua District.

目的研究硼泥陶粒混凝土作为低温热水地板辐射供暖系统蓄热层的作法及其性能。方法辽化湖畔花园小区住宅楼工程中，用硼泥陶粒混凝土代替豆石混凝土作低温热水地板辐射供暖系统蓄热层，取暖期内对试验工程进行温度监测实验。结果试验工程混凝土试块强度平均值为27.5 MPa，合格率为100%，厚度均在允许偏差内，合格率100%；外观鉴定混凝土表面无裂缝，并根据温度监测结果画出了取暖期内每天温度随时间变化的曲线图。结论用硼泥陶粒混凝土作低温热水地板辐射供暖系统的蓄热层，与用豆石混凝土相比，减轻了建筑物自重、减缓了传热速度、增强了房间的热稳定性

It is the nodus and focus of how to reform the heating system, in which both guarantee residenter living through the winter warmly and ensure the heating enterprises developing health.

Com 推进，供暖体制已是计划经济遗留的最后一块"蛋糕"，如何改革供暖体制，既保障居民温暖越冬，又保证供暖企业的健康发展，是改革的难点和焦点。

With constant reform on house, medicine and education, heating system reform is the last cake leaved behind by the planned economy. It is the nodus and focus of how to reform the heating system, in which both guarantee residenter living through the winter warmly and ensure the heating enterprises developing health.

摘 要：随着房改、医改、教改的不断推进，供暖体制已是计划经济遗留的最后一块"蛋糕"，如何改革供暖体制，既保障居民温暖越冬，又保证供暖企业的健康发展，是改革的难点和焦点。

The initial costs of a steam heating system are relatively low,but the maintenance costs are high.

但从能量的转化和利用率上考虑，热水供暖更为合理。1蒸汽供暖1.1供暖状况概述淮南矿业集

The methods of selection, installation, operation and regulation of the balance valve were introduced based on the properties of the valve in one heating system.

阐述了平衡阀的选型原理，并以一个供暖系统为例，说明了平衡阀的选型和在供暖系统中安装要求，并介绍了在热水供暖系统中平衡阀的两种调试方法。

The balance valve which is one of governing valves can conveniently change flow resistance of hot water, improve the regulating ability and keep the safety of heating system.

根据平衡阀的工作特点，使用它能合理地改变供暖系统的流动阻力，改善供暖系统的调节功能，保证了供暖系统工作的稳定性。

The individual heating system with gas-fired hot water heater and the heating system with gas-fired hot water boiler are introduced.

介绍了燃气热水炉单户供暖系统和燃气热水锅炉供暖系统，分析了供暖系统的调节方式。

Heating boiler, burning device, complementing machine and control system for boiler; Heating radiator, temperature-controlling valve, hot measuring instrument and meter , electric heater , heat exchanger; Central hot water system , hanged heating stove , solar water heater , pot-type boiler , hygiene hot water equipment for bathroom and kitchen , heating equipment of sauna and swimming pool, etc.; Central heating technology and equipment, heat transmission equipment , geo-thermal energy heating equipment , floor radiation heating equipment , exothermic cable heat equipment , electro thermal membrane heating equipment , radiation heating equipment ,etc.

采暖供热锅炉、燃烧器、锅炉辅机及控制系统；采暖散热器、温控阀、热计量仪器仪表、电热器、换热器；中央热水系统、采暖壁挂炉、太阳能热水器、家用热水器、浴室厨房卫生热水设备、桑拿游泳池供热设备等；集中供热技术及设备、换热设备、地热供热采暖设备、地板辐射供暖设备、发热电缆供暖设备、电热膜供暖设备、辐射采暖设备等。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。