使进化

There are at least seven pathways by which a single segment or a sequence of non-identical segments can be transformed into a geminate consonant, resulting in the evolution of a consonantal length contrast for a given language.

根据进化方法的预测，双音的共时分布和行为将反映进化的历史进程。将一个音段或不同音段序列转换成为辅音双音，以使给定语言产生辅音长度对比的进化，至少有七条可寻路径。

The algorithm uses an efficiency and more cupidity operator to decode, it makes genetic evolution beginning from several civilization populations which has more high average fitness. It use "communism" transfer tactic which output the best individual of population to all of other population termly, to make best individual shared, and lastly make all population together evolving.

该算法采用高效的超贪心算子进行解码，使遗传进化过程从多个平均适应度较高的文明群体开始进化，并采用定期将各群体的最优个体输出给其他群体，使得最优个体共享，促进所有群体共同进化的共产主义迁移策略。

In history and reality, the contradiction between needs and limited resource always exists. From the view point of system-science, it can be concluded that:①The interaction among need-contradiction-ability is the perpetual force for enterprise evolution (and the evolution of other living systems). The improvement of "ability"is the process and result of evolution.②The competition and coordination among systems is the direct power for enterprise evolution. Competition produces various system actions. Coordination makes systems complement their functions with each other. The interactions of competition and coordination push enterprise into the flow of evolution and optimization.③The"stochastic fluctuation"of the system, which is accidental finding, is another force for enterprise evolution. It is a deterministic element in the process of the self-organization of enterprise.

在历史和现实中，需要和满足需要资源稀缺之间的"问题"是恒久存在的，从系统科学的角度可以演绎出：①需要一问题一能力三种异质要素的相互作用是企业进化（其它一切有生命系统进化）的永恒动力，"能力"的提高正是进化的过程和结果；②各系统间的竞争与协同是企业进化的直接动力，竞争产生多样化的系统行为，协同则使各系统间优势互补，竞争与协同交互作用推动企业呈现出进化与优化的趋势：③系统的"随机涨落力"即意料之外的发现与创新是推动企业进化的又一种动力，它是企业自组织过程中带有必然性的力量：④在解决"问题"中创新者的作用不可低估，但更为根本地说创新者只是"需要一问题一能力"这三种要素相互作用的载体，个体的创新是企业自组织过程的必然结果。

Based on genetic algorithm,a new hybrid coding method using the integer and floating number was presented. The enumerable method guarantees each individual in the population to satisfy the constrains, thus the punishment function was avoided. The two adjustable parameters made the evolution process jump out of the local best solution perfectly.The application of the fitness assignment based on Pareto ranking attained inferior solution set of the multi-objective and multiple options were provided to the decision-maker.

设计了一种新的整数和浮点数结合的编码方式；通过列举法使得每代个体满足约束条件，避免了罚函数的使用；可调整的双参数变异算子使进化过程能够较好地跳出局部最优解；应用基于Pareto排序的适应值分配方式得到目标函数的非劣解集，为决策者提供了多种选择方式。

To be evolvable in more general sense, a software system has to be able to alter its classes or acquire new classes beyond its designers prevision.

要在一般的意义上使进化成为可能，软件系统必须能在运行过程中改变其涉及的类或添加设计者无法预见的新类并能保存这些变化。

The update model of the probability vector in compact GA is characterized by random walk, based on which the components update of the probability vector in the CGA with binary code is studied. A novel algorithm is proposed consequently. By using this algorithm, the fitness difference of the two competitors is increased. This can guarantee the probability vector updates availably.

紧致遗传算法中概率向量进化的模型是随机游动模型，据此研究了二进制编码中向量分量的进化特性，提出了分级竞争紧致遗传算法（grading competition compact genetic algorithm，GCCGA），加大参与竞争的两个个体的适应度的差距，使概率向量有效进化。

Forward security is achieved by an evolutional parameter,which is updated with the evolution of time segment,and the group public key and members' certificates are updated along with the parameter.If a menber's private key is betrayed,the attackers can't forge the member's previous signatures.Revocation is achieved by Certificate State List,which needs the group center to update the CSL in real time,and the previous signatures of the revocative members are still valid.

前向安全性通过一个进化参数实现，进化参数随着时间段的变化而进化更新，从而使群公钥和成员证书进化更新，即使成员密钥泄露，攻击者也无法伪造该成员以前的签名；成员撤消通过证书状态列表实现，只需群中心实时更新成员证书状态列表，被撤消成员其以前的签名仍然有效。

The theory minutely analyze trait of evolutionary programming arithmetic and state variables breakout problem in solving reactive power optimization problem, link reactive power balance theory.. reactive power bed and subarea control theory and adjusted-voltage material law of actual system. The theory first put forward a effective variability quantity modified measure, escape unfeasible problem in evolutionary programming, also make evolutionary programming arithmetic in solving reactive power optimization problem more quick and effective.

详细分析了进化规划算法的特点和在求解无功优化问题时存在的状态变量越限问题，结合无功平衡原理、无功分层分区控制原理以及实际系统中调压的具体规律，首次提出了一套有效的变异量修正措施，避免了进化规划的不可行问题，也使进化规划算法在求解无功优化问题时更加快速有效。

Darwin's book legitimised scientific discussion of evolutionary mechanisms, and the newly coined term Darwinism was used to cover the whole range of evolutionism, not just his own ideas.

达尔文的著作使进化机制的学术性研讨合法化；新发明的词语&达尔文主义&包含了整个进化理论，而不只是达尔文个人的观点。

Never fully convinced that natural selection was sufficient to explain development, Huxley did accept that The Origin of Species (1859), a lantern in the dark world, made the case for evolution sufficiently strong even for an agnostic.

从不完全相信自然选择足以解释进化，赫胥黎接受这个事实，《物种起源》犹如黑暗世界里的一盏明灯，使进化足够强有力即使是对不可知论者来说。

He is the most remarkable man that I have ever known.

他是我知道的人中最值得注意的人。

Increased appearance of lymphocele was noticed in patients with diabetic nephropathy, congenital malformations of the urinary tract, and inflammatory diseases, including glomerulopathy and extraglomerular ones, after high-voltage radiotherapy and after removal of the renal graft.

经过高压放射疗法和切除移植肾后，在糖尿病肾病患者、泌尿系统先天性畸形患者和炎症患者身上发现淋巴囊肿有所增加，包括肾小球病和球外疾病等。