体外发育

The experiment results were as following:All cytoplast recipients derived from oocytes of rabbit, bovine and goat can support early development of cloned embryo, the fusion rate of reconstructed embryos of goat-bovine and goat-rabbit were 59.91% and 74.10%, their cleaved rate were 57.48% and 72.57%, blastocyst rate were 9.59% and18.06% respectively, and the fusion of reconstructed embryos of goat-rabbit and goat-goat were 60.01% and 74.10%, their cleaved rate were 56.68% and 72.57%, blastocyst rate were 11.76% and18.06% respectively.

试验获得了如下结果：1。以山羊耳成纤维细胞为供体，以牛、羊、兔卵母细胞做为胞质受体构建重构胚，并经体外培养，发现不同的胞质受体均能支持重构胚的早期发育，但受体胞质对重构卵的重构胚早期发育速度和卵裂率均有显著影响。

They also indicate that the in itro system using mouse ES cells mimics in io deelopment and should proe useful in the study of molecular mechanisms for endoderm and gut deelopment.

这些结果也显示了利用小鼠胚胎干细胞的体外系统模拟了体内的发育过程，而且对研究内胚层和肠道发育的分子机制是很有用的。

After a continuous culture for 24 h, 77.1%(81/105)of the reconstituted embryos developed to 2-cell stage; The developmental rates of 4-celland morula were 45.7%(48/105) and 17.1%(18/105), respectively.

体外继续培养24h后，77.1％(81／105)的重构胚发育到2-细胞；4-细胞和桑椹胚的发育率分别达到45.7％(48／105)和17.1％(18／105)。

BACKGROUND: Embryonic stem cells develop from early blastular inner cell mass. Under proper condition, ESCs can maintain undifferentiated state in vitro, normal diploid nuclear type, and proliferative potential. In addition, ESCs possess multi-directional differentiation capacity and can differentiate into all sorts of cells of three germ layers.

背景：胚胎干细胞来源于发育早期囊胚的内细胞团，适当条件下能在体外维持未分化状态、正常二倍体核型及无限增殖能力，且具有多向分化潜能，能够发育分化成机体3个胚层的所有类型细胞。

With the great progress in embryo engineering during the past decade, the maturing oocytes with high qualities and quantities are increasedly required.

然而由于目前对卵泡发生和发育的调节机制仍知之甚少，因此大大制约了利用卵泡体外培养和体外成熟技术生产成熟卵母细胞的成功率。

We generated EG4-GFP cell lines expressing enhancing green fluorescence protein which still maintained typical characteristics of pluripotent stem cells. We microinjected green cells into perivitelline of 8-cell stage embryos as well as aggregated them to 8-cell stage embryos with zona pellucida removed, to investigate developmental fate of EG4-GFP cells during formation of chimeric blastocysts.

我们建立了稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白的EG细胞系（EG4-GFP），发现该细胞仍能保持野生型的一般生长特性；通过显微注射和体外聚集得到细胞与8-细胞受体胚胎共同发育形成的嵌合胚，发现转基因细胞参与了胚胎早期发育过程中的生长与分化，大部分细胞集中于内细胞团，也有细胞分化为滋胚层细胞。

According to the characteristics of totipotency , differentiation out of body and the steady transmissibility of the ES cells, we can see wide application prospects of the ES cells which could be used to build the model of early diffierentiation out of body and the model of transgenic animal ,to restore apparatus and tissue and transplant therapy, to produce clone animal and research .

人们利用ES细胞所具有的全能性、体外分化以及稳定的遗传性能等特点，展示了ES细胞在建立哺乳动物的早期胚胎体外分化模型、转基因动物模型、器官和组织的修复与移植治疗、克隆动物的生产、发育生物学的研究等方面广阔的应用前景。

Transplantation of motoneurons derived from MASH1-transfected mouse ES cells reconstitutes neural networks and improves motor function in hemiplegic mice.

ES细胞向神经细胞分化的研究有利于人们了解胚胎神经细胞发育的机制、发现ES细胞向神经细胞分化的关键调节基因；建立体外定向诱导神经细胞分化体系将为神经疾病治疗药物的筛选以及基因工程药物的开发等提供有用的材料；体外大量有功能的特定神经元的获得使神经再生医学正一步步从理论走向实践。

Rabbit zygotes were cultured in sequence culture system that contains: R1 culture medium which is with low concentration of glucose (1.0 mmol/L) and then R2 culture medium which is with high concentration of glucose (3.5 mmol/L).

试验采用含低浓度葡萄糖(1.0mmol/L)的R1培养液和含高浓度葡萄糖(3.5mmol/L)的R2培养液对兔原核期受精卵进行了体外序贯培养，并与传统的RID单一培养进行比较，研究了兔早期胚胎在体外序贯培养系统中的发育效果。

In the present study, we collected cumulus cells oocyte complex from ovaries of two different strain mice. The cumulusenclosed oocytes were cultured for 6 h in MEM supplemented with growth factor and FSH. The meiotic maturation of these oocytes has progressed to pro-metaphse Ⅰ stage and the condensed chromosomes are visible under DIC microscope, metaphase Ⅰ spindle even can be detected under Polscope. The metaphase Ⅰ spindles of oocytes were exchanged under such microscopes. After electric stimuli, 91. 6% and 91. 6% karyoplasts-cytoplasm pairs were fused respectively. The resulting oocytes were cultured further in MEM and over 80% of oocytes released the first polar body. 79% and 77% of oocytes formed two pronuclei after in vitro fertilization and the embryos were cultured in KSOM supplemented with amino acids. Over 60% of embryos developed to blastocyst stage.

在本研究中我们在取得两种不同品系小鼠的卵丘卵母细胞复合体后，先将卵丘卵母细胞复合体置于含有多种生长因子和激素的MEM培养液中培养6小时，此时卵母细胞已进入第一次减数分裂的前中期，并且在DIC倒置显微镜下可以看到浓缩的染色体，用Polscope可以发现明显的纺锤体，借助这种显微镜通过显微操作将两种不同品系小鼠来源的卵母细胞的MI纺锤体进行互换，经过三次直流电脉冲作用后，分别有91.6％的胞质—MI核质体对融合，经过进一步的培养后，超过80％的重组卵母细胞排出第一极体，体外受精后分别有79％和77％的重组卵形成双原核，受精后的胚胎在KSOM胚胎培养液中体外培养4天后，超过60％的胚胎发育至囊胚。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。