代用

Whether ancient cities,toponym,products,literature or achievement ofarchaeology and recording of stratigraphy,useful information that we canget from each of them is restrictivist,only colligating them can reflectall-sided courses of environmental changes in this region,also can makecertain the cause of environmental changes in science and make researchingtheories have more reliability.

不管是古城、地名、物产、文学描述，还是考古成果、地层学记录，各代用指标都有自身的局限性，把它们综合起来，将各不同指标提取的环境意义相互补充和比对，则能够比较全面地反映区域的环境变化过程，也能够比较科学地判定环境变化原因，使研究成果更具可信度。

The OPEC increase in the price of oil launched the transition to alternative energy sources.

石油输出国组织提高石油价格，推动了向代用能源的转换。

The analysis of proxy indices of winter and summer monsoon indicated that East Asia Monsoon is characterized by periodical evolution and vibratility during Late Cenozoic.

四、根据对冬、夏季风气候代用指标的时间序列分析表明，晚新生代东亚古季风具有阶段性演化和在冰期—间冰期尺度上的波动特征。

Interest in alternative medicine is a major phenomenon says Weil , far more than a trend.

韦尔说，对于代用医药的兴趣是个重大的现象，远远超过一种趋向。

For example, benzidine and β-naphthalene amine, actually though its importance for the syntheses of dyes, especially azo dyes, have been banned for the sake of their strong carcinogenic activities to cause professional bladder cancer.

例如，联苯胺和β-萘胺曾经是非常重要的染料中间体，它们能导致职业性膀胱癌而被禁用，因此非诱变性芳胺的研究，特别是联苯胺和β-萘胺的代用研究，已经引起染料学科的广泛关注。

The acquisition will increase El Paso Pipeline Partners' interest in CIG to 40 percent and its interest in SNG to 25 percent.

此次收购将增加埃尔帕索管道合作伙伴的兴趣通讯以百分之四十和代用天然气的兴趣，以百分之二十五。

Based on this idea, the author has chosen two typical loess sections of Luochuan, and Xifeng for this study, collected the successive loess columns; To probe the conditional experiments of BeO sample preparation and measurement, and improve the existing method; On the basis of the technology improvement, the author has finished 402 samples' BeO preparation and AMS measurement; Also at the same time, to separate quartz from samples at 1 cm interval for both Luochuan and Xifeng sections systematically, to carry out measurements of quartz grain-size, SUS, grey scale, carbonate content and bulk sample density; By using the grain size model, the author has set up the chronological framework for both Luochuan, and Xifeng sections and the time sequence of millennial scale abrupt climate events recorded in loess strata, and reconstructed the East Asian monsoon history over 130ka by using multi proxies; Finally, to discuss the possible mechanisms of palaeoclimatic changes tentatively.

详细地球科学的发展离不开高精度和高分辨率的研究。运用长寿命核素如〓Be作为环境过程的示踪，已成为不可替代的有效工具。本论文选择洛川、西峰两个典型的黄土剖面，连续采集柱状样；探索了BeO样品制备、测量的条件实验，改进了原有的方法，完成了402个BeO样品的制备和AMS测量；同时还系统地分离洛川、西峰剖面高分辨率（1cm）黄土、古土壤样品中的碎屑石英，测量了碎屑石英粒度，以及全样的磁化率、灰度、碳酸盐含量和容重等古气候代用指标；采用粒度年代模式建立了洛川剖面和西峰剖面的年代标尺，建立了黄土地层记录的千年尺度的气候突变事件的时间序列，多指标重建了最近130ka东亚季风变迁史；初步讨论了古气候变迁的可能机制。

The paleoclimatic implication of susceptibility and carbonates content is not clear, and they can't be used as strict proxy.

黄土-古土壤中的磁化率值和碳酸钙含量古气候意义不明确，仅可作为参考气候代用指标。

And provide a proxy indicator for paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.

已成为古气候和古环境重建的重要代用指标。

In this paper, we utilize both measured and paleoclimatic proxy data as much as possible, conduct wavelet analysis technique, analyze the past climatic characteristics of various areas in China and their relationship, and the cause of climatic variation has been studied.

本文尽可能多地利用器测资料和各种古气候代用资料，运用子波分析等统计方法，分析中国不同地区过去气候变化的特征和相互关系，同时对其变化原因进行了初步研究。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。