人工培养的

5 kinds of paddy soil treatments were studied, then each microorganism biocoenosis was extracted or bacterial strain was dissociated. Artificial synthesis ferric oxide was considered only electron acceptor, which inoculated soil leaching liquor or bacterial strain with reduction function in mineral salt culture system under anaerobic constant temperature condition. After different temperature treatments towards leaching liquor, temperature was controlled and AQDS added into culture system in order to discuss the effect of temperature and AQDS on ferric oxide microorganism reduction process.

采用5种水稻土为供试材料，分别提取微生物群落或分离铁还原菌株；以人工合成氧化铁作为惟－电子受体，在无机盐培养体系中接种土壤浸提液或具有铁还原功能的菌株，厌氧恒温培养；通过对接种液的不同温度处理(40， 50， 60， 70℃)、对培养温度的控制（30和50℃）以及向体系中添加AQDS，探讨温度及AQDS对氧化铁微生物还原过程的影响。

Day 14 fetal rat distal lung epithelium, devoid of mesenchyme, was enrobed in growth factor-depleted Matrigel and cultured for 5 days in various soluble factors.

白天14胎老鼠末梢的肺上皮细胞，缺少间充组织的，是在生长因素的enrobed-衰竭的Matrigel并且人工培养有在各种各样的可溶解的因素的5天的时间。

We extracted membrane protein of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae MY-99 strain from its different passages strains MY-99l,MY-993 and rejuvenescence strain MY-992, then analyzed them by SDS-PAGE, the results show that the membrane protein of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae MY-99 strain mutated during artificial culturing . According to the electrophoretic profiles, the membrane proteins of MY-991 include 7 protein bands: 94.4KD,57.5KD,46.0KD,36.0KD,32.4KD,20.4KD and 16.6KD.

采用0.4％TritonX-100结合KI提取猪肿炎支原体MY-99株不同代次的传代株MY-991、MY-993和复壮株MY-992的膜蛋白，并通过SDS-PAGE技术对其膜蛋白进行比较分析发现，在人工培养条件下猪肺炎支原体MY-99株的膜蛋白发生了一定的变异，其中MY-991株的膜蛋白有七条蛋白条带：94.4KD、57.5KD、46.0KD、36.0KD、32.4KD、20.4KD和16.6KD，MY-993株的膜蛋白有七条蛋白条带：94.4KD、57.5KD、46.0KD、41.0KD、36.0KD、32.4KD和19.5KD，MY-992株的膜蛋白只有两条蛋白条带：46.0KD和32.4KD。

In this paper, we studied M. meretrix ferritin, cathepsin B and caspase genes, which are involved in clam larval shell formation, nutrition, metabolism and apoptosis, respectively. We have cloned the three genes, investigated the temporal and spatial expression profile both at gene and protein level in trochophore (L1), D-veliger (L2), pediveliger (L3) and postlarvae (L4). The potential roles of these proteins were analyzed with specific inhibitors during larval development. Firstly, embryos were found developed into trochophore-like larvae with no shell if cultured at gastrula stage in artificial seawater without iron. Shell-like structures were formed only in the presence of iron. The larvae which had been transferred at L1 stage into ASW developed normal shell. This indicated that iron and iron associated protein are important for larval shell formation. The EST sequence which is homologous with ferritin, which is a principal iron metabolic protein, was selected from the M. meretrix cDNA library. The full-length of ferritin subunit cDNA was cloned by RACE. The results of real-time PCR revealed that the MmeFer mRNA expression changed before and after the larval shell formation.

本论文以文蛤幼虫为研究对象，分别对文蛤幼虫发育过程中贝壳形成相关的铁蛋白、营养及变态相关的组织蛋白酶B及变态过程中细胞凋亡相关的caspase三个基因进行了克隆，分析了基因及编码蛋白在担轮幼虫期(L1)、D形幼虫期(L2)、壳顶幼虫期(L3)和稚贝期(L4)的时空表达特征，解析了其可能的功能，并研究了相应酶类的特异性抑制剂作用对幼虫发育过程的影响，进行了目标蛋白的功能验证，详述如下：研究结果显示，在文蛤胚胎发育到原肠胚时放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养，发育成无壳的畸形，随着人工海水中铁离子添加浓度的升高，幼虫长出壳状组织接近正常状态；而发育到L1期幼虫放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养却可以发育出正常的壳，推测铁和铁代谢相关蛋白在幼虫贝壳初始形成有重要的作用。

She had been told that, rough and brutal as they seemed just then, they were not like this all the year round, but were, in fact, quite civil persons save during certain weeks of autumn and winter, when, like the inhabitants of the Malay Peninsula, they ran amuck, and made it their purpose to destroy life - in this case harmless feathered creatures, brought into being by artificial means solely to gratify these propensities - at once so unmannerly and so unchivalrous towards their weaker fellows in Nature's teeming family.

她曾经听人说过，他们那时候似乎粗鲁野蛮，但不是一年到头都是这样，其实他们都是一些十分文明的人，只是在秋天或冬天的几个星期里，才像马来半岛上的居民那样杀气腾腾，一味地杀害生灵--他们猎杀的这些与人无害的羽毛生物，都是为了满足他们这种杀生嗜好而预先用人工培养出来的--那个时候，他们对大自然芸芸众生中比他们弱小的生灵，竟是那样地粗野，那样地残酷。

Particles of different material have different effects on synoviocytes. This appearance has some similarity with the reaction in the interface membrane around aseptically loosened prostheses.

不同的人工关节材料颗粒对体外培养滑膜细胞的作用不同，其表现与之在松动人工关节界膜组织中的反应相似。

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

The changes of total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration in solutions with total saccharides released by two kinds of algae,the Hydrodictyon reticulatum in artificial culture medium and the microalgae in a medium whose nutrient is supplied by bed mud from lakes,were studied respectively.

分别研究了水网藻在人工培养液培养下，微藻在以湖底泥为营养源培养下，藻代谢总糖浓度与溶液中总氮浓度、总糖与总磷浓度随培养时间的变化情况，结果表明两两均呈现一种反向变化关系。

The results showed that the most suitable time to isolating the Larva from the experiment animals, which were experimentally infected with canine Trichinella was on the fiftith day; the most suitable time of degesting was at 37℃ for 17 hours; 38℃ for 14 hours; 39℃for 19 hours; 40℃ for 10 hours; the most suitable inquantity to inoculate per millilitre was 6000 strips; the best temperature was at 37℃; the best gas condition was in the CO2gas incubator and the concentration of CO2 was 8 per cent; the most suitable pH was at 7.0; the most suitable medium was RPMI-1640; the best nourishment component was peptone; the most appropriate time interval of changing medium was about 24 hours; the best time to observe was at 24 hours.

试验结果表明，从人工感染犬旋毛虫的实验动物中分离肌幼虫的最适日龄为50天，最适虫体消化时间为37℃时17h、38℃时14h、39℃时12h、40℃时10h，每ml培养液最适虫体接种量为6000条，最佳培养温度为37℃，最适培养气体条件为CO_2二氧化碳培养箱、最适培养液pH值为7.0，最适培养基为RPMI—1640，最佳培养液附加营养成分为蛋白胨，最佳培养液更换时间间隔为24h，最适观察虫体时间间隔为24h。

The Plant tissue raise is the plant sterile culture technology, has the totipotency theory according to the vegetable cell, the use plant body exsomatize organ (for example root, stem, leaf, stem point, flower, fruit and so on), the organization (for example cambium, epidermis, cerebral cortex, marrow department cell, endosperm and so on) or the cell (for example big spore, small spore, somatic cell and so on) as well as the protoplast, in aseptic and suitable artificial culture medium and illumination, temperature and so on under artificial condition, can induce injuries the organization, not to decide the bud, the adventitious root, finally forms the complete adult plant the discipline.

植物组织培养即植物无菌培养技术，是根据植物细胞具有全能性的理论，利用植物体离体的器官(如根、茎、叶、茎尖、花、果实等)、组织（如形成层、表皮、皮层、髓部细胞、胚乳等）或细胞（如大孢子、小孢子、体细胞等）以及原生质体，在无菌和适宜的人工培养基及光照、温度等人工条件下，能诱导出愈伤组织、不定芽、不定根，最后形成完整的植株的学科。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。