云杉

The results showed that: with the regression analysis of Betula platyphylla, Pinus koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Picea koyamai var koraiensis, and Betula costata, there was a significant negative correlation between neighborhood interference index and the growth (0.40~0.89) and the correlation extent depended on the neighborhood influence zone and slope. The neighborhood influence zone corresponding to maximal regression coefficient R~2 was the neighborhood influence radius. Based on the linear subsection regression between neighborhood interference index and influence zone of five species, the neighborhood interference index increased with the increasing zone and there was a previous increasing trend in a certain scope, while the increasing trend slackened beyond the zone. The neighborhood influence zone corresponding to transition point was the neighborhood influence radius. The neighborhood interference index positively correlated with the neighborhood influence zone and the range of R~2 was 0.40-0.64. With the analysis of tree cores of Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica at middle and lower slope in a plot which was fostered in 1995, the distance which the growth release farthest neighborhood and object stub was judged, thus the neighborhood interference radius was inferred. According to the studies, we found that the neighborhood interference radius was different among different trees, even if the neighborhood interference radius of the identical tree species also had the difference at different slopes.

结果表明：通过对白桦、红松、冷杉、红皮云杉和枫桦树种进行邻体干扰指数与生长量回归分析发现，邻体干扰指数与生长量呈显著负相关(0.40～0.89)，相关程度因邻体影响范围和坡位而异，R~2达到最大值所对应的影响范围即为邻体影响半径；通过对白桦、红松、冷杉、红皮云杉和枫桦树种进行邻体干扰指数与影响范围的线性分段拟合，邻体干扰指数随影响范围的增加而增加，其在一定的范围内上升较快，而超出该范围后上升的幅度变慢，变化的转折点所对应的影n向范围可以判定为邻体影响半径，线性回归显著(0.40～0.64)；通过对1995a抚育的胡桃楸、水曲柳样树进行研究，分析邻体树种的中坡位和下坡位的生长锥芯，判断产生生长释放的最远邻木与基株树桩所对应的距离，推断邻体影响半径；根据研究发现，邻体影响半径因树种不同有一定的差异，即使同一树种的邻体影响半径在不同坡位也有一定的差异。

Spruce Knob lies within the Monongahela National Forest and is a part of the Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area.

云杉旋钮在于莫农加希拉国家森林和是部分云杉旋钮，塞涅卡岩国家休闲区。

Correlation analysis showed that the growth of Picea schrenkiana was significantly sensitive to climate variations.

利用新疆伊犁地区雪岭云杉的6个树轮宽度年表，通过相关分析的方法，分析不同地形条件下雪岭云杉树轮宽度对于气候要素的响应。

After analysing the influence on the growth of root and stem of three different nitrogen concentration and PH matrixes,we concluded that the notrogen concentration and pH value and their interaction have influences on the germination of seeds and the growth of Picea aspoerata seedling.

通过分析3种氮浓度及3个不同pH值基质下云杉幼苗根茎生长量的差异，通过实验表明：不同的氮浓度及不同的pH值及二者间的交互作用对云杉幼苗的萌发和幼苗的生长存在一定的影响。

This dissertation focuses on the ecological characteristics, breeding techniques and introduction research on Picea mongolica. The results are as follows:(1) The seedlings and young trees take on a cluster distribution with a high, mortality.

因此，通过对沙地云杉的生态学特性及引种进行研究，找出沙地云杉育苗和引种造林方面的限制因子，为科学育苗和引种推广提供科学的方法和依据，为我国沙化地区的生态恢复起到指导作用。

The distribution pattern of Picea schrenkiana poulation was related to its biological characteristics's age structure and regeneration and regeneration mode and the microenvironments.

天山云杉成熟林种群的空间分布格局受天山云杉种群本身的生物学特性、种群的年龄和更新方式等群落内小环境的共同影响。

At Young Chang, we craft our soundboards from Solid Sitka Spruce found only in the coastal forests from Northern California to Alaska.

在英昌，我们用美国西加云杉来制造共鸣板。西加云杉仅生长在北加利福尼亚州到阿拉斯加海岸的森林中。

Sitka is a bit stronger and stiffer than other spruces.

西加Sitka云杉比其他云杉坚硬。

Through this study, the sustainable management hierarchical system of forest ecosystem was established, providing the frame of forest sustainable management which given dominance to the basic hydrology ecosystem processing of mountain forest. At the same time, this research brought forward the "double-cycle" mode maintaining the integrality of Tianshan Mountain forest ecosystem. Within all these studies, on one hand, through the research about the regeneration response to different disturbance types, the scientific measures concerning restoration and rebuilding of fragmentized landscape were supplied. On the other hand, t

建立了森林生态系统可持续经营等级系统，为天山以森林生态系统基本水文生态过程为主导的森林可持续经营提供了框架；提出的天山森林生态系统生态完整性自维持的&双循环&模式为天山森林生态系统的可持续经营奠定理论基础，通过不同干扰方式下天山云杉的更新反应研究，为破碎化森林景观的恢复与重建提供了科学途径，通过对天山云杉分布格局及动态、更新格局、林冠干扰后的系列特征及相应的参数和反映种群生活史的生命表研究，为天山森林生态系统可持续经营景观水平的评价提供了基本参数。

The results are as follows:① The population structure of Picea schrenkiana-Dryopteris filix-mas pure stands is stable, the patterns of age, diameter and the height of Picea schrenkiana-Dryopteris filix-mas pure stands are all in inverse J-shaped curves, indicating a typical uneven-aged stand structure.

以西天山国家自然保护区内1 hm^2原始鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris filix-mas)天山云杉纯林临时标准地调查材料为基础，分析鳞毛蕨天山云杉林胸径、树高和年龄结构、种群存活曲线以及基本测树因子之间的相互关系。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。