主语

Findings of the study indicate: 1 Chinese EFL learners overuse those modal verbs that appear earlier in textbooks, and underuse those modal verbs characterized by interpersonal functions as well as those often used for unreal conditions; 2 modal verbs in learner language tend to be preceded by personal pronouns and followed by main verbs which are aspectually unmarked and neutral in terms of voice.

研究发现：1我国非英语专业学习者书面语中过多使用教材中较早涉及的部分情态动词，而较少使用可以表达委婉语气和虚拟条件的情态动词；2学习者书面语中的情态序列呈现两方面的特点，即在情态动词之前过多使用人称代词作为情态动词短语的主语，而在情态动词之后过多地使用体和语态都无标记的动词形式。

Firstly, we analyze animate noun from three semantic features of control; secondly, we compare the power of person, organization and location in order to check out their animacy; thirdly, using VP-internal Subject Hypothesis in Transformational and Generative Grammar, we investigate Chinese, Kachin and Hani of Tibeto-Burman languages and give out the animacy hierarchy of semantic roles; fourthly, we discuss the animacy of personal pronoun, referential pronoun, proper noun, general noun and abstract noun; fifthly, topic and subjectivity pay attention to the variation of animacy of noun in the paragraph from pragmatic and cognitive points of view respectively; sixthly, we compare the numerical representation of noun in Chinese and Tibetan and other Tibeto-Burman languages. The conclusion is drawn on the relationship between number and animacy; lastly, the influence of popularity on animacy is pointed out. The fifth part includes conclusion and questions leaving behind.

第一，自控度从、、三个语义特征考察名词的生命度；第二，权力度主要通过比较指人名词与机构名词、处所词的权力度大小来检验其生命度的高低；第三，题元角色是运用转换生成语法关于动词短语内部主语的假设，考察汉语和藏缅语族的景颇语和哈尼语，对题元角色的生命度等级序列进行排序；第四，定指度和指称、专有及抽象性主要是考察人称代词、指示代词、专有名词、普通名词和抽象名词的生命度高低；第五，话题和主观性分别从语用和认知两个角度考察名词生命度在语篇中的变化情况；第六，数范畴涉及汉语和藏缅语族的藏语、独龙语、羌语、普米语、景颇语和哈尼语，主要比较它们名词表数概念的差异，总结数范畴与生命度的关系；最后，列举了通俗度对汉语名词生命度的影响。

2And the form of a subject should agree with that of the verb in therms of number in thepresent tense.

在现在时中主语的形式应该和动词的形式在数上保持一致。

On a summer night, seated in a chair was an old lady talking with some teenagers around her.

拟人法使用the tree担当主语，句子生动传神一个夏天的夜晚，一位老大娘坐在椅子上和围在她身旁的年轻人拉家常

Q:After Beethoven went back home,he worked all night writing down the new piece of music.

A：writing down the new piece of music，是一个现在分词短语，在句中作伴随状语，表示主语发出的一个与谓语动作同时进行的动作。

The film star Ann Wilson is the 34th actress to play this part on the London stage.

影星安威尔逊是伦敦舞台上扮演这个角色的第34 个女演员 1.1.2 不定式的名词性质表现在：在句中可用作主语、宾语等。

Therefore, the preposed attributive and adverbial can be used for thematized subject and adverbial, and can be used for non-thematized sentence-initial adverbial.

因此，定语、状语前置后，既可以用做主题化主语和状语，也可以用做非主题句首状语。

By contrast, passives with get ascribe a more active role to their subjects, and here the able to construction can be used

相反，带get 的被动态表示一个更为能动的主语，这样able to 结构就可以用为

The Parkers bought a new house but___ will need a lot of work before they can move in.

it可以替代句中的不定式、动名词或从句，在句中作形式主语或形式宾语。

Separation … from 的搭配关系 90、 The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housewo rk and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their ow n economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers,previously,in many cases,the only women empl oyers would hire.

The pool of 如果后面跟着一群人，则表示劳动力资源难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语解释：主语the increase之后照例来了一堆修饰成分。后面的had less to do with…t han do with…的意思是与前面的东西的关系不如与后面的关系那么重要，相当于中文的与其说还不如说…。但是本句的比较双方都是又臭又长的由and所连接的两个名词性短语，令读者阅读时的思维难以连贯。The pool of如果后面跟着一种人群，则这个词组指劳动力资源。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。