主张

The fundamental principle and the impact on legal thoughts include:respecting the needs and interests of human beings promotes generation and development of the idea of rights,human rights,freedom;preventing the atrociousness of human beings can promote generation and development of the thought of concept of rule by law, democratic government,decentralization of power,legal procedure,legal supervision;tolerating the demerits of human beings means the law should not be drawn up too strictly to the people;encouraging the merits of human beings means the law permits the people to participate in legal practice and encourage the people to pay tribute.

人文主义法学的基本原则及对法律思想的影响表现在如下方面：尊重人的需要和利益原则促进了权利、人权、自由的产生和发展；防范人的恶性原则促进了法治概念、民主政府、分权、法律程序、法律监督的产生和发展；宽容人的弱点原则主张法律对人的行为不宜提出过高的要求；鼓励人的优点原则主张法律允许人们参与法律实践活动、鼓励人的奉献行为。

The steps of investigation involve an initiation of the process by a competent person or group; the advancement of the investigation by the advocate of the cause, called the postulator; objections to the evidence by the promotor of the faith, popularly called the devil's advocate; the initial judgment of the validity of the process in terms of veracity and authenticity; the declaration and celebration of beatification, by which the person is called blessed; and celebration of canonization, by which the person is called saint.

这些步骤的调查涉及启动的过程由合格的个人或团体；提高调查的主张的原因，称为postulator ；反对证据的启动子的信仰，普遍称为魔鬼的主张；最初的判决的效力过程中的准确性和真实性；的声明和庆祝活动宣福，其中人是所谓的祝福；和庆祝封，其中的人被称为圣。

The Reformation triggered a religious war, and Bodin\'s idea of legitimacy was mixed without certain conclusion, the struggle of concept became a cause of war. Hobbes pondered thoroughly to the conflict and war, and launched in two aspects about the thought of "recht": on the one hand, he criticized vigorously some controversial religious doctrines and ideas of good that was labeled dark kingdom, only left the teaching of "Jesus is Christ" which could be acknowledged commonly, at the same time absorbed Bodin\'s concept of "sovereignty", constructed a mortal God in the world—Leviathan; On the other hand, in order to make this mortal God to lay in a stable foundation, Hobbes constructed natural rights theory.

新教改革引发了宗教战争，博丹的合法性主张是混杂而无定论的，观念之争因而成为战争的一个根源，霍布斯对冲突和战争以及法权秩序的变化进行了深入思考，从两个方面展开了关于法权秩序的主张：一方面他将一些引起争议的教义、善的观念贬斥为黑暗王国的东西，大力批判，而只留下争论各方都能够承认的"耶稣就是基督"这一共识性的教义，同时又吸收博丹的主权概念，构造出尘世的上帝——利维坦；另一方面，为了使这一人间上帝奠立于稳固的基础上，霍布斯用政治科学构造了自然权利理论。

Finally, the moot issue is the relation between the constitution of crime and justifiable action, and then formed two kinds of opposite viewpoints in the theory, one advocated to maintain the existing system, another viewpoint which profits from the continental law legal family and common law legal family advocated to bring the justifiable action into the system of constitution of crime to enable the system more logical.

最后，争议比较大的是犯罪构成与刑法中的正当行为的关系，在理论界形成了两种鲜明对立的观点，一是主张维持现有体系，将刑法中的正当行为放在犯罪构成之外研究，另一种观点主要是在借鉴大陆法系或是英美法系的犯罪构成理论的基础上，主张将刑法中的正当行为纳入犯罪构成体系，使犯罪构成体系更具有逻辑性。

The relationship between the public interest and civil rights is: who has the greater priority? The neo-liberal advocates that civil rights should take a priority over the public interest; and communalism advocates that public interest should take precedence over civil rights.

公共利益和公民权利之间的关系表现在：两者谁更优先上，新自由主义主张公民权利优先于公共利益，而社群主义则主张公共利益优先于公民权利。

We also discussed the social background while Zhu Zaiyu (1536-1600) and Xing Yunlu brought forward the suggestion of reforming the traditional calendar. Zhu Zaiyu protested compromising the Shoushi Computus and the Datong Computus to make a new calendar, but he failed in carrying out his plan of reforming the calendar. Xing Yunlu's suggestion of reforming the traditional calendar was once laid aside, but he finally obtained the chance to reform the traditional calendar in the official Astronomical Bureau of the Ming Dynasty after a few years.

对万历年间朱载堉(1536-1611)和邢云路奏请改历的背景进行讨论，指出：朱载堉和邢云路奏请改革历法与国家纂修正史的需要紧密联系，朱载堉主张对《授时历》和《大统历》进行折衷进而编制新的历法，但是他的改历建议最终没有获得采纳；邢云路主张对《大统历》进行改革，虽然曾一度受到挫折，但最终得以进入钦天监参预传统历法改革。

It has been a long road from Vietnam: the conscientious objector has become the conscientious warrior.

自由派的这个主张与它在越战时的孤立主张相去太远了：当时碍于良心而拒绝接受政府征召打越战的抗议者，现在却变成了基于良心而走上战场的士兵。

I conclude that claim 1 is fundamental; claim 2 is motivated only as a corollary to it.

我的结论，主张1是基础的；主张2仅仅是其推论

Only a misplaced idealism about the natural world could warrant the dogmatic claim that everything is knowable by the human species at this stage of its evolutionary development (consider the same claim made on behalf of the intellect of cro-Magnon man).

只有关于自然世界的观念论者/唯心论者才会做出独断主张：认为人类已经进化到可以认知任何东西（设想同样的主张被旧石器时代晚期的cro-magnon人给出的情况）。

With the distinction between "internationalization" and "globalization" as a referential test, it can be said that advocates against "globalization of law" and the "hyperglobalizers" among researchers with a positive attitude towards it are actually in the same level of "legal monists" related to "denationalization"; the difference between the two groups of scholars lies in the fact that the former hold a monist view of state law while the latter that of non-state law.

以"国际化"与"全球化"的区分为参照性判准，可以发现，"反法律全球化"论者与对"法律全球化"持肯定态度中的"唯法律全球化"论者其实都处在同"去国家化"相关的"法律一元论"这一层面上，只不过前者主张的是"国家法律一元论"，而后者主张的是"非国家法律一元论"。

I can't say anything hurtful about anyone.

我不能说任何伤害人左右。

She was a short fat woman , garbed in a very tight , very gaudy red dress .

大冬天的，我们穿两件毛衣她却穿件短袖，不停地扇扇子，一个劲叫热。