临床

This study was designed to discover perception and willingness of preceptors, and associated factors for them to guide new staff nurses; therefore, the results can be the reference for healthcare management department.

资深的护理师临床照护工作相当熟练，唯欠缺教学技能，护理临床敎师的角色与功能对新进人员的适应有非常关键性的影响，本研究期能了解护理临床敎师指导新进人员之认知与意愿及其相关因素，提供医院管理者参考。

Senior nurses are professional healthcare providers, but lack of teaching skills. The function of preceptors to new staff nurses played a key role in their adaptation to the working environment. This study was designed to discover perception and willingness of preceptors, and associated factors for them to guide new staff nurses; therefore, the results can be the reference for healthcare management department.

资深的护理师临床照护工作相当熟练，唯欠缺教学技能，护理临床敎师的角色与功能对新进人员的适应有非常关键性的影响，本研究期能了解护理临床敎师指导新进人员之认知与意愿及其相关因素，提供医院管理者参考。

Although up to 89.0% of participants agreed with the important roles and function of preceptors to new staff nurses, only 29.4% of them had enough time to direct those beginners; also, only 42.1% of senior nurses would like to teach new staff nurses during their off-duty period. 42.6% and 55.2% of them were well prepared to be preceptors and willing to teach novices respectively.

虽有高达89.0%认同护理临床教师对新进护理人员的角色与功能非常重要，却只有29.4%表示有足够的时间指导新进人员，只有42.1%同意花费上班外时间指导新进人员，只有42.6%表示已经准备好担任护理临床教师，愿意担任护理临床教师指导新进人员的也只有55.2%。

The factors affected preceptors to teach new new staff nurses were their seniority, hierarchies in the hospitals, perception of teaching beginners, organizational commitment, days of attending related educational courses, and support of nursing chiefs to clinical mentors.

影响护理临床教师指导新进人员意愿之相关因素为工作年资、医院层级、指导新进人员之认知、组织承诺、参与临床教师培育课程天数及护理主管对护理临床教师之支持度。

Results:Among the studied cases,most patients are male,little educated or physical laborers;the major clinical types are alcoholic hallucinose,and with alcoholic paranoiacs in the next place;clinical symtoms are varied,with somebody complications usually seen as the animentary canal and liver diseases.

对106例酒精中毒性精神障碍的住院病人临床资料进行分析。结果：酒精中毒性精神障碍以男性、体力劳动者、低文化程度者居多。临床类型以酒精中毒性幻觉症最多，其次是酒精中毒性妄想症等。临床症状多样，且合并有躯体疾病，以消化道、肝脏疾病多见。

Objective: This study investigated olfactory function disorder in Canadian potential AD patients through measuring the detection threshold and recognition threshold, of the potential AD patients and the matched controls by Five Odorants Test; and evaluated whether the senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads , which were the typical pathological changes of AD, presented in the olfactory mucosa of potential AD patients.

老年性痴呆中有75%为阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease， AD)，AD 是一种神经细胞退行性疾病，原因不明，临床以进行性记忆丧失和后天获得的知识丧失，病程逐渐发展直至完全丧失生活能力为特征。其病因是多原性的。尽管AD 的描述已达90 年之久，但要在早期检出此病仍是一个难题，所以，改进其临床诊断程序、途径非常重要。当今广泛用于AD 诊断的诸多标准中均未明确提及嗅觉的改变，然而众多国外文献资料表明，几乎所有的AD 患者发病早期甚至在临床前期即表现嗅觉识别阈的改变，可见对此深入研究有助于AD 患者的早发现、早诊断。

Article 31 The applicant shall provide the selected clinical study entities with free medicines for use in clinical study and drugs for comparison use (except for phase IV clinical trial), enclose the sample inspection report, and bear the expenses needed for the clinical study.

第三十一条申请人应当向选定的临床研究单位免费提供临床研究用药物和对照用药品，并附样品检验报告书；承担临床研究所需要的费用。

Evidence-based medicine marks the transformation from traditional empirical medicine to the new form of modern clinical medical practice and clinical basic research,EBM,with the basis of large-scale clinical trial proof.

本研究也指出，循证医学(evidence-based medicine，EBM的问世标志着以经验和推论为基础的、传统的经验医学，已开始转变为主要以大型临床试验提供的证据为基础的循证医学，是现代临床医学实践和临床基础研究的新模式。

Lacunar infarction in patients with hypertension is also common cerebrovascular disease, clinical manifestations of light, many people without clinical symptoms, and in nuclear magnetic resonance, CT examination or autopsy, was found when more specific clinical symptoms are: a simple movement obstacles, mild hemiplegia, aphasia or without sensory disturbance; pure sensory disturbance, migraine paresthesia or loss of body; dysphonia - clumsy hand syndrome, manifested as paresis and paralysis of tongue, speaking clearly, swallowing difficulties, fine motor hand and foot less flexible; ataxia and hemiparesis, inability to break limbs and lower limbs than upper limbs, uncoordinated movements, these symptoms often disappear in two weeks.

腔隙性脑梗塞也是高血压患者中常见的脑血管病，临床表现较轻，很多人无临床症状，而在核磁共振，CT检查或尸体解剖时才被发现，较为特殊的临床症状有：单纯运动障碍、轻度偏瘫，不伴失语或感觉障碍；单纯感觉障碍、偏身感觉异常或丧失；发音障碍-手笨拙综合征，表现为轻瘫和舌瘫、说话不清、吞咽困难、手脚精细运动欠灵活；共济失调性轻偏瘫，肢休无力、下肢重于上肢，运动不协调，这些症状常可在2周内消失。

Clinical study: 90 patients diagnosed in The Third Hospital of Beijing University according as diagnostic standards were divided into three groups stochastically:therapy group, control group I and control group II, each group has 30 patients, the therapy group was treated by the method of clarifying and descending the lungs and the stomach, the anti－cough decoction; the control group I was given acute bronchitis syrup and Jiawei Baohe pills; the control group II only given acute bronchitis syrup, after seven days treatment, the results show that the efficiency of the therapy group is 80%, that is higher than both of the control groups(p.01), the therapeutic principle and formula is effective and valued in clinic.

临床研究部分：以2001年9月－2002年3月在北京大学第三医院中医科门诊就诊的90例有胃内伤基础的外感咳嗽患者作为观察对象，随机分为3组，治疗组治以肃肺降胃法，用自拟汤药治疗；对照组I治以急支糖浆合加味保和丸；对照组II单纯用急支糖浆，并详细记录患者临床症状和体征的变化，经一个疗程（7天）的治疗，治疗组取得了80％的显效治愈率，显著优于对照组（P.01），说明这种立法与处方是可行的，具有较高的临床价值，并进一步拓宽了治疗外感咳嗽的思路与方法。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。