临床

This study showed that guideline adherences of prophylactic antibiotics might reduce length of stay and cost; however this study also found guideline adherences of prophylactic antibiotics in appendectomy was smaller than 20%.

本研究发现抗生素符合临床指引是可以减少住院天数及住院费用，但是国内阑尾切除预防性抗生素的使用符合临床指引建议仍低於20％，所以有待卫生单位加强临床指引的推广。

objective to establish immunological methods specific for detecting antigens in different groups of monoclonal antibodies.methods indirect immnofluorescence assay was applied to identify specificity of the two groups of monoclonal antibodies prepared with crude antigen and recombinant antigen of aspergillus fumigatus,respectively.two different double monoclonal antibody sandwich elisa assays established with the two groups of antibodies were performed to detect antigents in the cell culture supermatants of 19 common species of aspergillus,penicillium marneffei,and 5 species of candidas.results the results of indirect immnofluorescence assay indicated that the monoclonal antibodies prepared with crude antigen of aspergillus fumigatus were specific for antigens in both clinical isolates and environmental isolates of aspergillus, whereas the other group of monoclonal antibodies was proved to be specific for aspergillus fumigatus of both clinical and environmental isolates.the elisa assay established with the crude antigen-specfic monoclonal antibodies could detect both of the clinical and environmental isolates of aspergllius, while the other assay could only detect aspergillus fumigatus of both clinical and environmental isolates.and no cross reaction with the cell culture of penialllium marneffei and candidas was observed with the two methods.conclusion the elisa assays can detect both of the clinical and environmental isolates of aspergillus,and differentiate aspergillus fumigatus from other species of aspergillus.

目的 用2组曲霉单克隆抗体建立特异性识别不同种类曲霉抗原的检测方法。方法采用天然烟曲霉抗原免疫，获得广谱针对曲霉抗原的单克隆抗体；采用重组烟曲霉抗原获得特异性针对烟曲霉抗原的单克隆抗体，用间接免疫荧光鉴定，并分别建立2种双抗体夹心elisa法，对19种常见的环境和临床分离曲霉株、马尔尼菲氏青霉菌及念珠菌培养液进行检测。结果间接免疫荧光显示，用天然烟曲霉抗原免疫获得的单克隆抗体(mabs-1)可广谱识别多种曲霉分离株，而重组烟曲霉抗原获得的单克降抗体(mabs-2)仅能特异性结合临床和环境分离的烟曲霉抗原。用mabs-1建立的双抗体夹心elisa法可检测19种常见曲霉株培养液；用特异性针对烟曲霉抗原单克降抗体(mabs-2)建立的双抗体夹心elisa法可特异性检测临床和环境分离株烟曲霉培养液；与其他曲霉株无交叉反应；2种双抗体夹心elisa法与马尔尼菲氏青霉菌及念珠菌培养液均无交叉反应。

Objective To discuss the clinical X-ray diagnosis standard and clinical manifestation of syn-drome of splenic flexure of colon.Methods 25cases which is clinical symptom was abdominal distention/abdominal pain/constipation or toxic symptomwere selected.The negative result of fiberscope,clinical therapetutic effect was fine which was treated with operation used partial resection or short circuit.

目的 初步探讨结肠脾曲综合征的X线表现在临床诊断中的标准方法收集临床表现反复腹胀、腹痛、便秘或中毒症状，经纤维结肠镜检查为阴性结果，经手术部分切除或短路治疗有临床疗效，利用低压钡剂灌肠显示结肠脾曲综合征为X线表现征象的25例患者资料。

Abstract］ objective to analyze the clinical treatment in the elderly patients with chronic constipation.methods two hundred and ninety-two inpatients with chronic constipation received the series nursing management: propaganda and education,improving dietary habitues and life style,massage,application of laxatives.results two hundred and twenty-eight cases achieved good results（78.1%）,64 cases were just effective（21.9%）.the total effective rate was 100%.conclusion the comprehensive management should be adopted in the elderly patients with chronic constipation.

目的 探讨老年患者便秘的临床综合治疗疗效。方法对我科临床收治的便秘患者292例，进行健康教育、改善饮食生活习惯、腹部按摩以及注入泻剂等综合治疗。结果显效228例（78.1%），有效64例（21.9%），总有效率100%。结论在临床工作中，对老年患者的便秘应采取综合治疗措施，特别强调改善饮食或生活习惯等非药物治疗。

These two kind of diseases have their own characteristics in clinical and imaginal representation.but misdiagnosis is still happened.We misdiagnosis one huge breast mase of 28 years old female in April,2002,whose diease come on during pregnancy and lactation.

乳腺纤维腺瘤与乳腺叶状囊肉瘤在临床和影像学表现方面都有其特征性，但临床上仍常出现误诊的情况，我们于2002年4月收治1例发病于妊娠哺乳期的28岁右乳巨大肿块女性病人，术前根据临床表现及影像学检查的结果考虑右乳叶状囊肉瘤的诊断，而术后的病理报告为乳腺纤维腺瘤。

The statement concludes with a list of specific recommendations intended to help incorporate usable knowledge into current clinical and public health practice, foster and guide future research, and prepare both researchers and practitioners for the changes likely to occur as molecular genetics moes from the laboratory to clinic.

声明最后得出结论：一系列特别推荐都将有助于使目前的临床与公共卫生设施融合，并支撑与指导未来的研究，不管是科研工作者抑或临床医生，都要做好迎接很可能发生的分子遗传学从实验室向临床转变的准备。

Including clinical breast X-ray machine technology applications, digital breast X-ray machine performance testing and evaluation methods and projects, digital breast X-ray machine and traditional breast X-ray machine of distinction contrast, Finland Planmed high frequency of breast X-ray photography Clinical application, the new mammography X-ray machines and mammography in the diagnosis of the research topic.

包括乳腺X线机临床技术应用，数字乳腺X线机的性能测试方法及项目与评价，数字乳腺X线机与传统乳腺X线机的临床区别对比，芬兰Planmed型高频乳腺机X线摄影技术临床应用，新型钼靶X线机在乳腺摄影及诊断中的应用等研究课题。

Reveal the characteristics and regular pattern of its epidemic.①Investigated the epidemiological history of 448 clinical confirmed SARS cases, drawing the map of coming places of primary cases and whereabouts of the secondary cases, clarify the reasons of SARS inputting and spreading.②Exploring transmission relationship between cases by drawing the chain-map and learning the main transmission process.③Selecting the chain-cases with the exact onset and contact time to calculating the average incubation of same generation cases on different transmission chains and the average incubation of different generation cases on same transmission chain, Calculating the incubation median, the fifth percentile and the ninety-fifth percentile of the incubation of the observed cases.④Analyzing the timeliness of admission and the treating condition through the statistical calculation of the onset time, the admission time, the hospitalization time as well as the diagnostic time of the suspect and clinical confirmed cases.

调查全省448例SARS临床确诊病例的流行病学史，绘制全省输入SARS原代病例的主要来源以及引起传播后被感染者的去向图，阐明SARS病例的输入与扩散原因；②用传播链图分析传播关系，了解SARS的主要传播过程；③选择SARS原代病例与续发病例接触日期、发病日期明确而完整的传播链病例计算不同传播链同一代之间以及同一传播链不同代之间的平均潜伏期，并计算观察病例潜伏期的中位数以及第5、第95百分位数，确定SARS的最短潜伏期和最长潜伏期；④对患者发病、就诊、住院时间以及医院诊断为SARS可疑病例、临床确诊病例的时间进行统计，分析SARS就诊的及时性以及临床诊治情况；⑤计算不同接触方式、关系密切程度传播SARS的危险度，筛选形成传播的主要危险因素；⑥检测不同人群和同一人群不同时间的SARS血清抗体，了解抗体的阳转时间和持续时间。

Methods: A randomized, single blind controlled clinical design was used to accomplish the series clinical trials included 123 cases. The troop of gatifloxation injection with sodium chloride included 20 cases in gatifloxation group and 23 cases in ciprofloxation group; The troop of gatifloxation injection with glucose included 21 cases in gatifloxation group and 19 cases in levofloxacin group; The troop of gatifloxation pivoxil included 19 cases in gatifloxation group and 21 cases in ciprofloxation group. The antibacterial activity of clinical isolates were detected by scrips which contain gatifloxation(5ug/L), levofloxacin (5ug/L), ciprofloxation (5ug/L), spafloxation(5ug/L), cefotaxime(30ug/L), penicillin(10U/L) respectively. The MICs of sixkinds of antibiotics were detected by 2-fold agar dilution method. Result: The common data of patients in the two groups of 3 troops were similiar.

采用区组分层均衡随机单盲试验设计，分别完成甲磺酸加替沙星氯化钠注射液组试验药20例及对照药23例、甲磺酸加替沙星葡萄糖注射液组试验药21例及对照药19例、甲磺酸加替沙星片剂组试验药19例及对照药21例共123例感染患者的临床试验；用K-B法测定临床分离致病菌对加替沙星(5ug／L)、左氧氟沙星(5ug／L)、环丙沙星(5ug/L)、司帕沙星(5ug/L)、头孢噻肟(30ug／L)、青霉素(10U／L)纸片的敏感性，再用按美国国家实验室标准委员会(National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards，NCCLS)推荐的琼脂平皿对倍稀释法测定临床分离菌株对加替沙星、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、司帕沙星、头孢噻肟、青霉素的最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration，MIC)以了解其体外抗菌活性。

Objective : To observe clinical study of Shuxuetong injection (puring material of shuizhi and dilong) on treating Primary nephritic syndrome, to investigate clinical effect of Shuxuetonginjection on treating Primary nephritic syndrome, provide objectiveunder on treating Primary nephritic syndrome.

目的：通过对疏血通注射液治疗PNS的临床观察，探讨疏血通注射液治疗PNS的临床疗效，为临床治疗PNS提供客观依据。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。