与...在接触中

The third approach is about the concept of an ITO direct Ohmic contact structure on GaP window layer. The direct Ohmic contact structure is performed by the deposition of an AuBe diffused thin layer and the following activation process on the surface of a Mg-doped GaP window layer. The presence of this thin AuBe diffused layer yields the Be dominant metallic surface layer and significantly reduces the barrier height between the ITO and p-GaP layer. Via the modification of contact structure, not only the brightness was significantly increased but the reliability was comparable to the conventional LED without this structure.

第三个研究为一种具有直接欧姆接触在p型磷化镓窗层与氧化铟锡界面的制程方法，於本研究中并无习知砷化镓欧姆接触层的存在，我们利用金/金铍金属藉由热退火程序，使其金铍原子在磷化镓窗层表面形成具金属特性之薄膜层，降低磷化镓与氧化铟锡接触产生之接面能障；另外，该元件在氧化铟锡直接欧姆接触於磷化镓窗层下，除亮度具明显提升外，在稍大电流(20毫安培)元件可靠度测试下，亦未有明显衰减情形发生。

In the aspect of the force analysis between cycloid disk and pin wheel, a kind of force analysis method of the mesh with initial clearance is put forward in allusion to the teeth profile of the equidistant and radial-moving combining modification, which is more accord with the actual engineering.

该方法主要是从整个传动过程中动态地考虑摆线轮与针齿齿面的受力情况，依据摆线轮与针齿的实际最先接触点的分布区间不同，对不同的等距与移距组合修形方式分别给出了动态受力分析方法，并且在整个传动过程中进行了优化搜寻，从而得出了整个传动过程中的接触力动态变化规律，相对以前的受力分析方法，计算的精度和准确性得到了提高。

For the sake of accurately estimating the contact force, we describe a new method, in which the contact force is considered as a jump function of time, and by use of response to jump function, the history of impact force is detected in the duration of rotor contacting with stator.

为更准确地获得接触作用力，本文将接触过程中转子所受作用反力函数视为在微小时间间隔下的阶跃函数，提出一种计算接触作用力的新模型，利用系统对阶跃函数的响应可以得到转子与定子碰摩时的切向摩擦力与法相作用力的时间历程及相应的位移、速度量。

Took the different diameters double-row bearing slewing ring asexample, this dissertation studied the distribution of axial press ofthe rolling body under axial load and throw moment, the contact pressbetween two outer seat-rings which are connected to the main machinewith high strength screw bolts.

本文以双排异径球式回转支承为例，对球式回转支承在承受轴向载荷和倾翻力矩时的滚动体轴向正压力大小、分布及由高强度螺栓与主机连接的滚圈接触面的接触力进行了详细的理论推导和实际计算，说明在双排球式回转支承的结构静力分析过程中，可以将滚圈安装接触面的接触力简化为铅垂方向的均布载荷。

Then the weak formulation of the control equations considering the contact constraint conditions has been developed. Combined the Lagrange multiplier and penalty function methods, the augmented Lagrangian method is used to treat the contact constraint and solved the non-linear and non-smooth problems of the mechanical response perfectly. A finite element model has been applied for the test project of the reinforced slope and to study the mechanism of the interaction of the soil and reinforced material.

本文在Lagrangian网格的控制方程中引入接触界面条件，并采用了经典的Coulomb摩擦模型作为界面切向面力的本构模型，继而发展了考虑接触约束条件的控制方程的弱形式；在求解方法上，综合了Lagrange乘子法与罚方法的优点，采用增广的Lagrangian方法处理接触界面约束，很好地解决了接触问题中的高度非线性和响应不平滑性。

Based on the simulation data, the effects of clearances, damping coefficient and the rotation speed on the dynamic behaviors are studied: compared with ideal mechanisms, mechanisms with clearances are less stable; as for mechanisms with clearances, when the crank rotates at the speed of 100rad/s, the actual clearances are always above the radium of clearances, axle pin and axle cover keep contact throught the rotation; when the crank rotates at the speed of 20rad/s, mechanisms are in an unstable state, at an angle of about 300, the actual clearances are below the radium of clearances, pairs lose contact, which results in collision between them; with the speed of 20rad/s, when damping coefficient is assumed 175Ns/m, distinct separation and collision happen between pairs; when damping coefficient is assumed 220Ns/m, separation and collision are controlled.

在含间隙机构中，当曲柄以100rad/s转动时，运动副间隙始终大於半径间隙，轴销与轴套始终保持连续接触；当曲柄以低速20rad/s转动时，系统处於极不稳定的震荡状态，在转至300°左右时，运动副间隙小於半径间隙，脱离接触，发生明显的分离碰撞现象。在含间隙机构中，曲柄以低速20rad/s转动，当取法向阻尼系数为175Ns/m时，副元素发生明显的分离碰撞现象；当取法向阻尼系数为220Ns/m时控制了副元素的分离，副元素一直处於连续接触状态。

Based on finite element dynamic model of expansion casing with rubber sleeve, casing deformation and stress change inside casing, contact pressure at both sides of rubber sleeve and expansion parameter changes caused by friction factors during the expansion are analyzed.

根据带有橡胶筒的膨胀套管有限元力学模型，对套管膨胀过程中橡胶变形和套管内的应力变化、橡胶筒两侧的接触压力，以及摩擦因数引起的膨胀参数变化等做了分析研究；对橡胶筒的厚度、长度做了定量和定性分析，发现在橡胶与套管之间的接触摩擦因数作用下，橡胶过长将会在纵向产生&堆积&现象，在有限空间中，使其受较大的接触压力而失效。

In studies of interaction among pile, platform that above it and surrounding soil, this paper employ the concept of plate element to simulate the loading character of platform, and employ the concept of solid element to simulate the character of pile and soil, using the finite element method after understanding the geometry properties of pile, soil and the platform. Analyzing the loading properties of the three entities above and their deformation, this paper also employ a special element, Penalty Element. The introduction of penalty element of this kind has served to guarantee the join harmony of displacement between solid element and plate element, thereby effectively resolving the join problem between platforms, pile that support it and surrounding soil.Considering significant property difference between pile material and its surrounding soil, there may be much shear stress on their contact interface produced under vertical load, thus causing displacement or fission. Therefore it is necessary to adopt one special constitutive law of this kind of contact interface, which can reflect its feature of loading and deformation thoroughly. On the basis of the deformation feature and constitutive laws of some contact interface obtained by Zhang Dongji and people concerned through some single-shear experiments on contact interface between structure and soil, this paper employ one pile-soil three-dimensional constant thickness contact interface model to simulate the " slide" taken place on the interface between pile and its surrounding soil. With this kind model, this paper has also created one finite element model, which can be applied to perform finite element calculation and analyze the pile-loading feature, and deduced its element stiffness matrix.

在承台-桩-土共同作用中，考虑桩与承台的几何特性，采用有限元方法，用实体单元模拟桩土，用板单元模拟承台，更具体地分析桩和承台的受力特性和变形，而且还采用罚单元—既实体单元与板单元之间连接必须满足变形协调条件，来有效地解决了承台与桩土的连接问题，且在桩土共同作用中，由于桩体结构的材料性能与周围土层性质相差较大，在竖向荷载下有可能在其接触面上产生较大的剪应力从而导致错动或开裂，因此，为了充分反映桩土接触面上的受力及变形特征，应采用一种桩土接触面特有的本构关系，即利用张冬霁等人关于结构与土体接触面单剪试验所得到的接触面变形特征及其本构关系，引入桩-土三维等厚度接触单元来模拟桩与桩侧土之间的&滑移&，在此基础上建立可用于桩基承载性状分析的有限元计算单元模型，并推导出了各单元的刚度矩阵。

Single factor experiments were done with the factors including the width of protrusion and the trolley's velocity, which showed that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the width of protrusion increasing, and doesn't change with the trolley's velocity changing, which was consistent with the results of the orthogonal experiment. A theoretical model of the horizontal projection of a corrugated bionic surface's contact area was built, which showed that the contact area's horizontal projection decreases with width and interval increasing respectively and that the ratio of the contact area's horizontal projection and the vertical load decreases with the vertical load increasing. It indicated that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the above three factors increasing respectively. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a plate and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that the plate frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with vertical surface pressure and that trolley's pull and vertical displacement of bionic surface's control pilot keep constant almost during the plate being pulled. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a corrugated bionic surface and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that surface frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with bionic surface's structural parameters and vertical pressure increasing. However, the three factors all didn't affect the surface frictional coefficient remarkably on the condition of 90% dependability. For the first time, bionic surfaces were applied to screw piles, which formed bionic screw piles, and the contrast experiments showed the bionic screw pile had certain resistance-decreasing effects.

建立了波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的接触面积的水平投影的理论模型，表明接触面积的水平投影A随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距的增大而减小，接触面积的水平投影与波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷之比随着波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，进而得出仿生曲面摩擦系数随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；利用ANSYS软件对平板与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明平板摩擦系数与土壤弹性模量关系不大，而随着表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；平板牵引过程中台车牵引力和仿生曲面控制节点垂直方向位移基本保持不变；利用ANSYS软件对波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明波纹型仿生曲面系数在一定范围内基本不受土壤弹性模量的影响，随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，但在可信度为90％的前提下，三个因素影响都不显著；首次将波纹型仿生曲面应用于与土壤作用方式以挤压为主的螺旋桩，形成仿生螺旋桩，并与普通螺旋桩进行了沉桩对比试验，表明波纹型仿生曲面应用于螺旋桩桩体表面具有明显的降阻作用。

Instead, crouch on the balls of your feet, with your feet together to minimize your contact with the ground, and put your hands over your ears to protect yourself from acoustic shock.

如果您正在旷野中徒步，无法躲到建筑物或车里，无论如何不要躺在地上，相反的，垫脚蹲下，减少身体与地面接触的面积，双手捂住耳朵，以免听力受损。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。