不稳的

The results show that the increasing Marangoni number will lead to more nonlinear distribution of temperature field, but streamfunction of the cell center; vorticity on the wall and peak value of velocity diminish first, then increase, finally lose stability. The thermocapillary convection in the whole liquid zone appears to get stronger along with the augmentation of Prantal number. The effect of increasing of Biot number on temperature and flow fields is not obvious although the convection is strengthened a little. As increasing the aspect ratio A, thermocapillary convection induced by temperature gradient and liquid viscosity becomes stronger.

结果表明：温度场的非线性分布随着Ma数的增大而加剧，但对流涡胞中心流函数、壁面涡量和轴向、径向速度峰值并不象温度场随着Ma数的增大而单调增大，而是先减小，然后增大，最后失稳，表明Ma数对热毛细对流的影响比较复杂，针对不同的物理模型，会导致完全不同的流态；Pr数愈大，流体的热扩散能力在粘性扩散与热扩散能力之比中愈占支配地位，当Ma数一定时，热毛细对流随Pr数的增大在整个液体区域内有增强的趋势；Bi数增大，热毛细对流有所增强，但不甚明显；A的增大使得由温度梯度和流体粘性诱导的热毛细对流随之增强。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

In the system of high precision and low speed, Because of the existence of the nonlinear friction, the static and dynamic performance of the servo system is very bad, such as stick slip, hunting, large error and so on, Because the traditional control of PID is hard to solve the nonlinear problem of the servo system, so this paper begins to introduce a new control method which is named adaptive fuzzy PID, It utilizes the rule of the fuzzy control to adjust the parameter of proportion, integral and differential on line, So this control method has some intelligence to improve the static and dynamic performance of the servo system.

在高精度、超低速伺服系统中，由于非线性摩擦环节的存在，使系统的动态及静态性能受到很大程度的影响，主要表现为低速时出现爬行现象，稳态时有较大的静差或出现极限环振荡；由于传统的PID 控制很难解决伺服系统中的非线性问题，因而不能适用于高精度、超低速伺服系统；本文通过引入模糊自适应整定PID控制，利用模糊规则在线调整比例、积分、微分环节，使系统具有一定的智能，从而非常明显的改善伺服系统的静态及动态性能。

With this dedicated base ring, we succeeded in constructing the EAST, which generates the steady, very long wavelength pulsed plasma, and which realizes the operation of double-null, high-beta plasma as well as single-null plasma at full current.

介绍变形及装配等带来的不满足精度要求将带来的后果。在后续的实验中成功验证基准环的设计，获得稳态的、极长的长脉冲等离子体，并实现全电流下的双零高β和单零高等离子体的运行实验。

Bubbling temperature direct affect the diameter and the distribution of bubbles; Bubblier is a main factor which influence the bubble structure of foam glass. To select different bubblier results in different craft. To add stabilizer directs affect the melt viscosity, besides superficial expansion.

在泡沫玻璃烧结过程中，发泡温度(760～950℃)影响泡径及气泡的分布状态；发泡剂是影响泡沫玻璃制品泡孔结构的主要因素，发泡剂不同，发泡时间不同，则气泡的泡径和开闭口的情况就不同；在泡沫玻璃烧结过程中，稳泡剂的加入直接影响粘度，粘度过高气泡不易产生，粘度过低气泡极易逸出，两者都不利于产生所要求数量的气泡；另外，表面张力和配料中的水对发泡也有一定的影响。

Combustion technology. According to the character of CFB and current research, a steady state model of the flow structure and mixing process in the upper dilute zone of a CFB, where variations in flow parameters with height are neglected,揅ontinuous桪ispersion Model? is presented. The model is based on a two梡hase structure, consisting of an upflowing lean suspension and a downflowing particle clusters. On the basis of this model, a numerical simulation calculation model about flow structure and temperature field is established.

根据循环流化床锅炉特点及国内外的研究开发现状，本文在不考虑沿炉膛高度方向上流动参数变化的情况下，提出了一个描述循环流化床上部稀相区流动结构和混合过程的稳态模型——&连续扩散模型&，即认为床内存在着向上运动的气固悬浮相和低速下降的颗粒絮团相，在此基础上建立了流动结构与温度分布的数值模拟计算模型。

The inflow rate along the wellbore is not equivalent, but distributes like"U"shape, and inflow rate of the two ends is higher than that of the middle part. When the inflow reaches its pseudo steady flowing, the distribution shape of flowing keeps steady.

5井筒压降80％出现在距水平井跟端50％的井长内，沿水平井简单位长度的流入量并不相等，沿井筒形成U形流入分布，在水平井的两端的流入比井筒中部的流入相对要高，一旦达到拟稳态流动，沿井筒的流入分布形状基本保持不变。

The result shows that, when a free droplet transfer mode is applied in high-speed welding , the workpiece is heated by the arc throughout the process and thus the molten pool can not solidify in time.As a result, the molten pool is very long, which gives way to the instability of bead formareron and pinch effect of the liquid metal,so that it finally leads to the humping phenomenon. Based on the analysis and experimental result, the short-circuiting transfer mode is suggested to improve the bead formation in high-speed welding .

理论分析和试验结果均表明，采用自由过渡的熔滴过渡形式进行焊接，工件始终处于焊接电弧的加热下，在高速焊接时，熔池不能及时冷却，熔池明显拉长，由扰动引起的振动波长大，当熔池的拉长达到一定程度时，会发生液体金属的失稳和颈缩的现象，造成驼峰焊道。

The results indicate that the spatial patterns of the principal components correspond to the oceanic cur...

分析结果表明，主要主成分的空间分布特征与海洋环流相对应；南海、黄海和东海的海平面变化存在显著的年际和 2个月的非稳态振荡信号；南海具有较明显的半年周期信号，而黄海和东海的半年周期信号不明显。

Compared with traditional method by solving a Jacobi matrix, calculating account is greatly decreased because only displacement and center of buoyancy need computing while those elements of waterline plane are not required.d Based on the research mentioned above, the paper presents the computer programmes of compartment definition, free surface effection, and some modules of the programme of the intact and damaged stability calculation.

与传统的拉格朗日乘子法相比，该优化方法公式推导简单，而且每次迭代只需计算水线面以下的排水体积和浮心坐标，不需计算水线面上的面积、漂心、惯性矩等要素，计算方法直接简便。 4在以上理论研究的基础上，开发了舱室定义，自由液面修正的计算机软件；编制了船舶完整、破损状态下的浮态、稳性计算的部分模块。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。