查询词典 variable error

With the objective of the robot′s steady movement, the trajectory is sampled equably and each segment is considered as uniformly variable motion. To guarantee tracking precision, the relation between the tracking control error and the output torque of the controller is analyzed from the point of engineering.

而按照通常的规划算法所规划出的"最优"参考轨迹在实际中却难以应用，因为这一参考轨迹是基于机器人的精确动力学模型得到的，没有考虑实际系统中存在的模型不确定性，也未考虑控制器的动态特性，因而跟踪精度得不到保证。

In this model the fuse is simulated by a time variable nonlinear resistor combined with a switch, the nonlinear resistor represented the fore-arc resistor during fusing process, the switch is used to control the cut off time, and both of the above is calculated by the ANSYS. Compared the real assay curve and the simulation wave we found that: the calculated overvoltage amplitude value is accuracy with error less than 5%.But the wave is more or less different especially the part of the post-arc.

在电磁暂态计算程序——EMTP/ATP中，根据实际情况建立了熔断器开断试验电路的仿真模型，其中熔断器模型采用一个时间变量非线性电阻和开关的组合来代替，前者代表熔断器熔断过程的弧前电阻，后者控制开断时间，两者均由ANSYS计算得到。

The MPEG-2 compression algorithm is very sensitive to channel error due to the use of variable-length cod- ing.

1引言 作为通用的视频压缩国际标准MPEGZ在D、几，数字电视领域得到了广泛的应用。

The thesis also gives the estimated upper bounds of error decision probability. When the compressor is confined to be a lattice vector quantizer, a explicit mathematic equation for the rate of the performance convergence to the optimum is derived. On the other hand, Distortion Ratio Aproachs to the design of testing system on the basis of vector quantization are put forward, and methods for building the variable length decision tree as well as the fixed length one presented.

在算法方面，提出了失真比矢量量化检验器的设计方法以及可变长和固定码长分类判决树的生成算法；为了解决以矢量量化器为核心的处理系统运算量大，不易实时实现的问题，论文中引入了熵减的概念，在此基础上提出一种快速最近邻搜索编码方法，理论分析及实验结果均证实了这种算法的有效性。

Impoundage;; fuzzy description;; fuzzy similarit calibration;; time-variable instantaneous unit hydrograph;; error distribution;; maximum entropy;;dynamic control on reservoir water level in flood season;; risk analysis

论文导师周惠成，论文学位博士，论文专业水文学及水资源论文单位大连理工大学，点击次数 1，论文页数 141页File Size8592K

Density Functional Theory method was used to optimize the geometries of 209 PCDE molecules, 209 PBDE molecules and 75 PCDD molecules at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. Using computed structural parameters as theoretical descriptors, the forward stepwise multiple regression technique was adopted to obtain QSPR models of environmental partition properties for these POPs by using GQSARF 2.0 and SPSS12.0 for windows programs. The obtained QSPR models are as follows:(1) QSPR models for predicting subcooled liquid vapor pressure, n-octanol/water partition coefficients lgK_(ow and subcooled liquid water solubilities -lgS_(w,l of PCDEs, of which correlative coefficients (R~2) are 0.988, 0.958 and 0.959 and the root-mean-square-error of estimation are 0.134, 0.116 and 0.327 respectively.(2) QSPR models of lgPL and n-octanol/air partition coefficients lgK_(oa for PBDEs, which both contain three structural parameters. The values of R2 for the two models are both 0.997 while the values of RMSEE are 0.073 and 0.062 respectively.(3) QSPR models of lgKow and–lgS_ for PCDEs, which both have one variable (mean molecular polarizability,α). The values of R~2 for the two models are 0.978 and 0.866 and the values of RMSEE are 0.300 and 0.270 respectively.(4) The molecular structures of 24 substituted naphthaline compounds were optimized using Hartree-Fock and DFT methods at four different levels and the same means was used to obtain four three-parameter (EHOMO, q~+ andα) QSPR models of lgK_. The model at the HF/6-311G** level is the best one of which R2 is 0.9662 and RMSEE is 0.380.(5) QSPR study for environmental partition properties of PCDEs was also performed using position of Cl substitution method in which simple parameters of substitution position were taken as descriptors. The multiple linear regression was performed with GQSARF 2.0 and SSPS 12.0 for windows programs to obtain QSPR models of lgP_L, lgK_ and–lgS_ for PCDEs of which R~2 are 0.991, 0.983 and 0.965 and RMSEE are 0.311, 0.100 and 0.300 respectively.

采用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对PCDEs、PBDEs和PCDDs的分子结构进行了全优化计算，以计算得到的量子化学参数作为理论描述符，采用GQSARF 2.0和SPSS 12.0 for windows统计程序进行正向逐步回归分析，建立了这些POPs的环境分配性质的QSPR模型：(1) PCDEs的过冷液体蒸汽压、正辛醇/水分配系数lgK_(ow和水溶解度-lgS_(w，l的QSPR模型，这3个QSPR模型的相关系数(R2)分别为0.988、0.958和0.959，估计的均方根误差分别为0.134、0.116和0.327；(2) PBDEs的lgPL和正辛醇/空气分配系数lgK_(oa的QSPR模型，这两个模型都包含三个分子结构参数，其R~2都为0.997，RSMEE分别为0.073和0.062；(3) PCDDs类化合物的lgK_和-lgS_w的QSPR模型，两个模型都只含一个变量，其R~2分别为0.978和0.866，RSMEE分别为0.300和0.270；(4)采用Hartree-Fock和DFT方法，在4种不同水平上优化计算了24个取代萘系列化合物的分子结构，采用上述同样的方法分别建立了四种水平上的三变量lgK_模型，通过比较得到，在HF/6-311G**水平计算得到的模型最好，R为0.966，RSMEE为0.380；(5)同时，采用氯原子取代位置方法对PCDEs的环境分配性质进行QSPR研究，建立了PCDEs的lgPL、lgK_和-lgS_的QSPR模型，其R~2分别为0.991、0.983和0.965，RSMEE分别为0.110、0.100和0.300。

In this paper,a new variable structure robust model reference adaptive control scheme is proposed,which deals with a class of SISO plants under parameter and unmodelled dynamical uncertainties.It is shown that even with the existence of unmodelled dynamics,the output tracking error will converge to zero in finite time, and the SPRcondition for reference model is not required.

摘 要 讨论了含结构不确定SISO系统的变结构模型参考鲁棒自适应控制问题，提出了一种新的变结构控制方法，使得：1系统在同时含参数及结构不确定性时，跟踪误差仍能在有限时间内收敛到零；2无须假设参考模型为SPR函数。

System.out.println("a.length="+ a.length); System.out.println("b.length ="+ b.length);// The handles inside the array are // automatically initialized to null: for(int i = 0; i nbsp;b.length; i++) System.out.println; System.out.println("c.length ="+ c.length); System.out.println("d.length ="+ d.length); a = d; System.out.println("a.length ="+ a.length);// Java 1.1 initialization syntax: a = new Weeble { new Weeble, new Weeble }; System.out.println("a.length ="+ a.length);// Arrays of primitives: int e;// Null handle int f = new int[5]; int g = new int[4]; for(int i = 0; i nbsp;g.length; i++) g = i*i; int h ={ 11, 47, 93 };// Compile error: variable e not initialized://!

句柄。此时，编译器会禁止我们对这个句柄作任何实际操作，除非已正确地初始化了它。数组b被初始化成指向由Weeble句柄构成的一个数组，但那个数组里实际并未放置任何Weeble对象。然而，我们仍然可以查询那个数组的大小，因为b指向的是一个合法对象。这也为我们带来了一个难题：不可知道那个数组里实际包含了多少个元素，因为length只告诉我们可将多少元素置入那个数组。换言之，我们只知道数组对象的大小或容量，不知其实际容纳了多少个元素。尽管如此，由于数组对象在创建之初会自动初始化成null，所以可检查它是否为null，判断一个特定的数组&空位&是否容纳一个对象。类似地，由基本数据类型构成的数组会自动初始化成零、null或者false。

With process data of blast furnace No.1 in Tianjin Iron Plant, the parameters, Ru and Sita, of model have been optimized based on criteria of predictability, hit ratio, direction hit ratio and mean sum of square error according to each variable respectively.

以可预测率、预测命中率、趋势预测命中率及平均误差平方和为评价标准，确定了各影响因素的警戒参数Ru和滤波参数Sita的优化值范围。

Lightened on the turbine valve controller designed with feedback linearization theory and introduced nonlinear tracking-differentiator, a novel nonlinear PID valve controller was proposed. This controller can fit not only to plant with some model error and random disturbance in variable, but also to the variety of the structure and operating conditions of power system. The transient and dynamic characters of the controller are both satisfactory when big and small disturbances added. The good performance, wide stable margin and heavy robustness of the valve controller proved that it is a great practical application to enhance the stability of power system.

结合反馈线性化法汽轮发电机组的汽门控制研究成果，引入非线性跟踪微分器和非线性度变换控制，进行了发电机组的非线性PID汽门控制器设计，该控制器不仅能适应一定的系统模型误差与变量的不确定性干扰，而且对于电网结构和运行工况的变化有着较强的适应能力，在受大、小扰动的情况下，呈现了较好的暂态特性和动态品质，具有较好的控制品质、较高的稳定裕度和较强的鲁棒性能，有利于进一步改善电力系统的稳定性，显示了其较强的实用性。

In this paper, the requirement analysis, design and implementation of the system are introduced in detail.

此论文详细介绍了系统的需求分析，系统设计和具体实现。

In the context of economic globalization is increasingly deepening, China's economy can not be spared.

在经济全球化日益加深的背景下，中国经济不可能做到独善其身。