查询词典 tolerance estimation

ABSTRACT In this dissertation, fault-tolerance of redundant manipulators is thoroughly investigated. First, inherent relationship between the dexterity and fault-tolerance of single-redundancy manipulator is discussed. Both the manipulability and the relative manipulability are utilized for measuring the kinematic fault-tolerance of the manipulator with one joint failure. Furthermore, the relative manipulability is used for measuring dexterity loss resulted by one joint failure, and the relationship between the fault-tolerance measurement and null space vector of Jacobian matrix is established.

本文对冗余自由度机器人的答错性问题进行了深入的分析和迭付：首先研究了单冗余度机器人运动学灵活性与容错性之间的内在关系，提出以故障构形的可操作度和相对可操作度来度量机器人的运动学容错性，用相对可操作度来度量关节故障给机器人操作灵巧性造成的损失，并建立了容错性度量指标与Jacobian矩阵零空间向量之间的关系。

From the lifespan of relay point of view, a reliability criterion was provided based on dynamic characteristics of anti-forces. Mathematical model of tolerance design with reliability was set up under usage of "stress-strength interference method", taken some critical dynamic characteristics as identification objects such beginning of contact separation speed, speed of collision and gag bit impact velocity. This model showed that lower values of characteristic parameters center and quantitative descriptively relationship between tolerance and product reliability. Multi-objective optimization model of relay tolerance distribution was completed when some factors such as reliability, processing costs and its feasibility into consideration. Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine weight coefficients of various objectives, and usage of simulated annealing, this study performed optimal reliable tolerance allocation of space electromagnetic relay, and then key technology segments were analyzed, accompanying its course measured by controlling chart.

从继电器电寿命的角度，基于动态吸反力特性的配合提出了继电器的可靠性判别准则；在此基础上以触点分离初速度、触点碰撞速度以及衔铁碰撞速度等关键动态特性为判别对象，采用"应力-强度干涉法"建立了继电器可靠性容差设计数学模型，给出了下位特性参数中心值及其容差与产品可靠度之间的定量描述关系；综合考虑可靠度、加工成本及加工可行性等因素建立了继电器容差分配的多目标优化模型，基于层次分析法确定了各目标的权重系数，并采用模拟退火法实现了航天电磁继电器的可靠性容差最优分配；研究了继电器的关键工艺环节，并通过控制图对其过程能力进行了分析。

Tolerance relations played a key role in resolving setup sequences, and tolerance factor introduced to normalize the geometric tolerance and dimensional tolerance.

其中公差关系为混合图中决定定位顺序的重要关键，本文以综合公差因子对几何公差与尺寸公差进行一致性的比较。

That means Pho85 kinaseand calcineurin were involved in salt tolerance with an identical target protein or in 中科院上海生化与细胞所博士学位论文摘要 the same pathway. Inhibition of calcineurin decrease the YPH499, pho80? mutant,and pap1 (pcl7)? mutant Mn2+ tolerance but not that of pho85? mutant and thepho85? mutant was more sensitive to Mn2+ than YPH499, pho80? mutant, and pap1(pcl7)? mutant even with the addition of cyclosporin A. Therefore, the conclusioncould be drawn that PHO85 gene played a dominant role in Mn2+ homeostasisregulation in compare with calcineurin. As for Ca2+ tolerance, cyclosporin A canincrease the tolerance to Ca2+ of all the mutant mention above, that means Pho85kinase and calcineurin function antagonistically in regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis.In Bioinformatics, BRI3 gene is a novel gene without any function clue but givehigh conservation in mammalian.

我们通过钙调磷酸酶的特异抑制剂环孢菌素A研究了YPH499、+2+pho85缺失株、pho80缺失株、pap1缺失株在钙调磷酸酶失活后对Na、Mn、2+Ca金属离子敏感性的变化，结果显示Pho85蛋白激酶和钙调磷酸酶通过直接+或间接激活同一个靶蛋白或途径来增强细胞对Na的耐受；和钙调磷酸酶相比，2+PHO85的缺失对酵母细胞Mn耐受性的破坏是相对控制性的，钙调磷酸酶的失2+活不能进一步降低pho85缺失株对Mn的耐受能力；Pho85和钙调磷酸酶在对2+Ca的耐受调节中是相互拮抗的，钙调磷酸酶的失活能增加pho85缺失株和2+pho80缺失株的Ca耐受。i中科院上海生化与细胞所博士学位论文摘要对本实验室克隆的人新基因BRI3进行系统的生物信息学分析，发现它是一个在哺乳动物中保守的，但功能未知的基因。

In the aspect of grass cold tolerance, these ten grasses were classified into three types by the cluster analysis, based on winter survival adaptability and LT50 measured under low temperature treatment. High cold tolerance: Bromus biebersteinii,Bromus inermis,Festuca arundinacea, Agropyron desertorum,Elytrigia elongate, Phleum pretense; medium cold tolerance: Festuca rubra, Agropyron smithii,Dactylis glomerata; low cold tolerance: Phalaris arundinacea.

禾本科牧草在耐寒性方面，根据牧草越冬适应性表现和低温处理下用电导法得出的半致死温度， 10种牧草进行聚类分析结果表明：耐寒性强的是草地雀麦、无芒雀麦、苇状羊茅、沙生冰草、长穗偃麦草、猫尾草；耐寒性中等的是紫羊茅、蓝茎冰草、鸭茅；耐贫瘠性最弱的是草芦。

Nutrition solution culture, ICP-AES, the differential centrifugation technique and sequential chemical extraction method, suppression subtractive hybridization , RAPD were used in this thesis to study the mechanisms of copper tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis grown in copper mine deposit which was reported to be a Cu hyperaccumulator, compared with C. communis grown in normal soil. Several aspects were examined, including: difference of copper tolerance and accumulation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil; difference of growth and nutrient accumunation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; physiological differences between between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cu in C. communis; identification of cDNA fragments differentially expressed in C. communis grown in copper mine deposit; genetic diversity and copper tolerance of C. communis, tolerance mechanisms to copper in C. communis are discussed.

中文题名鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理和富集特征研究副题名外文题名 Mechanisms of Cu tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis 论文作者廖斌导师蓝崇钰束文圣学科专业环境科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中山大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数128页关键词重金属污染植物修复超富集植物土壤污染铜污染鸭跖草馆藏号BSLW /2003 /X53 /12 论文以本实验室报道的生长于矿山上的铜超富集植物鸭跖草和生长于正常土壤中的鸭跖草为试验材料，分别运用溶液培养法、ICP-AES元素测定技术、差速离心法和化学试剂逐步提取法、抑制消减杂交技术、RAPD技术研究了矿山和非矿山两种生境鸭跖草对铜的耐性和吸收积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下养分吸收和积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下生理反应的差异，以及铜在鸭跖草细胞内的分布及结合形态研究，矿山鸭跖草差异表达的cDNA克隆，铜对鸭跖草种群遗传分化的影响，从这几个方面探讨了矿山鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理。

When the random error is not subject to normal distribution, the least absolute deviation estimation is superior to the least squares estimation. In addition, the robustness of the least absolute deviation estimation is also better than that of the least squares estimation.

在随机误差不服从正态分布的问题中，最小一乘估计的统计性能优于最小二乘枯计；另外，最小一乘估计的稳健性更强。

Limit theorems, asymptotic methods, asymptotic efficiency and efficiency bounds for estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayes methods, asymptotics via derivatives of functionals, sample-based estimates of variability:; robustness; estimation for dependent data, nonparametric estimation and testing.

高级统计推断理论：极限理论，渐进方法，渐进有效和估计的效率，加大似然估计，贝叶斯方法，泛函数的微商渐进性，基于样本的估计：(bootstrap 和 jackknife方法)；稳健性；独立数据的估计，非参数估计和经验。

STAT 581 Advanced Theory of Statistical Inference (3) Limit theorems, asymptotic methods, asymptotic efficiency and efficiency bounds for estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayes methods, asymptotics via derivatives of functionals, sample-based estimates of variability:; robustness; estimation for dependent data, nonparametric estimation and testing.

高级统计推断理论：极限理论，渐进方法，渐进有效和估计的效率，加大似然估高级统计推断理论：计，贝叶斯方法，泛函数的微商渐进性，基于样本的估计：(bootstrap 和 jackknife 方法)；稳健性；独立数据的估计，非参数估计和经验。

The main job and contribution of this paper are as follows:Based on narrowband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, compute the cross-correlation function of FH signals from multichannels, then we get the cross power spectral density matrixCSDM Secondly, select the hops of FH signals from the CSDM via processing and analyzing the CSDM, meanwhile reduce the influence coming from noise, fixed frequency signal and other interferences; Lastly, estimating the DOA of every hop and according to the DOA, we can separate the hops, get the number of FH signals and their parameters. Propose a new method for designing the threshold in FH signal detection. This method makes it easy to get the threshold by theoretic computing and it can extremely reduce the interference of non-FH signals.Based on broadband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, get the DOA of the signals by wideband spatial spectrum estimation; secondly, separate the signals by spatial filtering using wideband beamformer; Lastly, we propose two methods for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation, one is for several constant hop-rate FH signals whose dwell-time are different and another is for a single FH signal whose hop-rate is alterable.By employing spatial interpolation in broadband signal beamforming, it can reduce the number of antenna elements and corresponding RF modules, A/D converters, etc. It can also eliminate the mutual coupling between antenna elements while getting the narrower main beamwidth and lower sidelobe level.

本文的主要研究工作和贡献如下：●提出了一种基于窄带处理的FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先求出多路信号之间的互相关，进而得到互功率谱密度矩阵，然后通过对CSDM进行对折处理来抑制噪声、定频信号及其他干扰的影响，并将所有属于FH信号的hop(每一跳的驻留时间在时频图上持续的线段)从CSDM中筛选出来，最后用阵列信号处理中的到达方向估计理论在频域中估计出各个hop的方向参数，利用方位信息完成FH信号分离并得到FH信号的数目及其各自的参数集；●提出了一种确定FH信号检测门限的策略，该策略不仅使得检测门限能够通过理论计算得到，而且还显著地抑制了非跳频信号的干扰，从而能有效地检测出FH信号；●提出了一种基于宽带处理的短波FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先利用宽带空间谱测向技术得到接收信号的DOA，然后采用宽带波束形成技术对特定方向进行空间滤波，实现多个信号的分离，最后分别提出了两种FH信号的盲检测和参数盲估计方法，第一种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上存在着几个驻留时间不同的恒跳速FH信号和其他干扰信号的混合信号，第二种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上仅含一个可变跳速的FH信号和噪声的混合信号；●将空间插值的概念和宽带波束形成技术结合起来，提出了一种基于频域处理的宽带恒定束宽的波束形成方法。

Foods high in this vitamin include oily fish such as salmon, tuna and, and fish liver oils.

维生素D含量高的食物包括诸如大麻哈鱼、金枪鱼和鲭鱼之类的油鱼以及鱼肝油。

We need you to cosign our public letter demanding that press intimidation cease immediately, and that all charges be dropped.

我们需要您cosign我们的公共信，要求记者立即停止恐吓，并要求所有收费下降。